اثربخشی اقتصادی آموزش های ترویجی در دهستان های شهرستان آستارا (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه آموزش های ترویجی و کسب مهارت نقش مهم و اساسی در توسعه فرهنگی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و اقتصادی جوامع ایفاد می نماید. با توجه به آموزش های ترویجی می توان به توسعه پایدار در روستا دست یافت و آن را تقویت نمود. لذا، هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی اثربخشی ابعاد اقتصادی آموزش های ترویجی در نقاط روستایی می باشد. این تحقیق از نظر هدف کاربردی، ماهیت و روش آن توصیفی-تحلیلی و برای گردآوری داده ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از مطالعات کتابخانه ای و پیمایش میدانی استفاده شده است. قلمرو مکانی پژوهش سکونتگاه های روستایی شهرستان آستارا می باشد که طبق سرشماری مرکز آمار ایران در سال 1395 دارای 28443 نفر جمعیت روستایی است. برای انتخاب نمونه آماری از فرمول کوکران و با 50 درصد احتمال وجود صفت در جامعه آمار استفاده شده که در نهایت 375 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران میزان پایایی پرسشنامه مقدار 93/0 بدست آمد که مقدار قابل قبول را نشان می دهد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان داد، دهستان لوندویل با نمره نهایی 261/0 و دهستان چلوند با نمره نهایی 260/0 در وضعیت بهتری از نظر میزان تاثیر آموزش های ترویجی بر توسعه روستایی در بعد اقتصادی داشته و دهستان حیران در رتبه آخر قرار گرفته است. همچنین مهمترین عواملی که در زمینه اثربخشی ابعاد اقتصادی آموزش های ترویجی تأثیرگذار می باشند عبارتند از؛ 1) آموزش متنوع سازی اقتصاد روستایی و 2) برگزاری کلاس های ترویجی و بهبود و نوین سازی شیوه های تولیدی کشاورزی. در بین عامل های شناسایی شده عامل اول (آموزش متنوع سازی اقتصاد روستایی) با مقدار ویژه 90/4 و درصد واریانس 83/28 بیشترین تأثیر را در اثربخشی آموزش های ترویجی در بعد اقتصادی و تحقق توسعه پایدار روستایی داشته استEconomic Effectiveness of Extended Training in Rural Area of Astara County
Introduction
One of the most important strategies to achieve sustainable development, especially in rural areas, taking into account the factors of "efficiency, justice and sustainability", is the promotion and education strategy in various fields, especially the agricultural sector, which is in the field of achieving the goals of sustainable development. Has been raised. Thus, the village and the rural economy have had a close relationship with agriculture since its inception until now, to the extent that this closeness can be seen in the definitions of the village (Vllage = Agriculture). Therefore, the rural settlements of Astara County are not exempted from this rule, and the need to pay serious attention to this matter at the level of the rural settlements of the city in order to provide the possibility of realizing economic stability in different sectors, especially in the agricultural sector, is a necessary and avoidable matter. It is unacceptable. Therefore, the current research is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of extension training, including the amount and manner of water consumption, the selection of the type of seed used, the type, amount and manner of consumption of agricultural pesticides, as well as the selection of the type of agricultural equipment and tools in order to improve the quality of products and profit from It has dealt with the economic aspect of the development of rural settlements in Astara County And it aims to respond to the extent of the effectiveness of extension training in the studied area in the economic sector, as well as the extent of effectiveness in increasing production and improving the income and economic stability of the villagers.
Methodology
The aim of the present research is to evaluate the effectiveness of economic aspects of extension training in rural areas. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of its practical purpose, its nature and method, and library studies and field surveys were used to collect the required data and information. The spatial territory of the research is the rural settlements of Astara County, which according to the census of Iran Statistics Center in 2015 has 28443 rural population. To select the statistical sample, Cochran's formula was used with 50% probability of the trait in the statistical population, and finally 375 people were selected as a sample. Using Cochran's formula, the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.93, which shows an acceptable value. Descriptive and inferential statistics (tests...) were used to analyze the data.
Findings
The findings showed that Lundvil district with a final score of 0.261 and Chelund district with a final score of 0.260 were in a better state in terms of the impact of extension training on rural development in the economic dimension, and Hiran district was ranked last. . Also, the most important factors that influence the effectiveness of the economic aspects of extension training are; 1) Training on diversifying the rural economy and 2) holding promotional classes and improving and modernizing agricultural production methods. Among the identified factors, the first factor (training on diversification of the rural economy) with a specific value of 4.90 and a variance percentage of 28.83 has had the greatest impact on the effectiveness of extension training in the economic dimension and the realization of sustainable rural development.
Discussion and Conclusion
The results showed that Lundville and Chalund districts are in a better condition in terms of the impact of extension training on rural development in the economic dimension. In the meantime, Lundville district in the field of increasing the employment of farmers, entrepreneurship in the subcategory of the agricultural sector and new job opportunities, women's employment in villages, familiarization with side activities and non-agricultural employment, reducing the waste of agricultural products, changing the production method and improving the agricultural production method, maintenance And Product storage, the quality of products produced in the village, increasing the income of the villagers after using new methods, finding different ways to earn money in the village, increasing the savings of the villagers, the arrival of urban investors in the village, the participation of extension workers in agricultural affairs. The effect of the classes in the development of agriculture and so on has worked better than other studied district and the extension training in this district has had a favorable performance in order to realize the economic development of the rural areas. Also, 2 factors of education, diversifying the rural economy and holding extension classes and improving and modernizing agricultural production methods show the effectiveness of the economic aspects of extension education in the scope of the study. If, training to increase employment, entrepreneurship training in rural areas, training to create new job opportunities, training to increase employment of women in district, solutions to increase rural savings and the entry of urban investors into the village have the greatest effect on the effectiveness of the economic dimensions of extension training in the process rural development in the study area.
تبلیغات
