واکاوی نقش فضای شهر تهران در رویدادهای اجتماعی معاصر (نمونه موردی انقلاب اسلامی)
آرشیو
چکیده
مقدمه: توجه به بعد تاریخی فضاهای شهری تاثیرگذار در رویداد انقلاب 57 و میزان ظرفیت فضا برای بالا بردن ارتباط و کنش هایاجتماعی مهم است. اولین وقایع انقلاب اسلامی نشان دهنده بهره برداری ازفضای مدرن شهر و ظرف فضایی تثبیت شده آن است.کنش های اعتراضی و انقلاب ها حاصل رودررویی حکومت و جنبش های اجتماعی جدید در فضای شهری است. آغاز حرکت از میدان های محله ای یا میدانی است و این میدان ها که محل تجمع و هویت بخش محله اند نقطه تجمیع حرکات مردمی واقع می شوند. اما به طور واضح دراین مرحله گردآوری انسانی فاقد هویت مشروع و تعّین بخش است، زیرا رفتار انسانی درقالب این بعد محله ای تنها از نوعی همبستگی طبقه اجتماعی و همچنین تعّین بخشی رفتار روزمره است.هدف پژوهش: هدف پژوهش واکاوی رابطه میان ماهیت و اهداف رخدادهای سیاسی و اجتماعی و نحوه مصرف فضاهای شهری تهران در رویدادهای اعتراضی معاصر (نمونه موردی: انقلاب اسلامی) است.روش شناسی: روش این پژوهش کتابخانه ای (اسنادی)، میدانی (بازدید از بنا ها) و با رویکرد توصیفی -تحلیلی است.یافته ها و بحث: در سیر بررسی به منظور تفسیر فضاهای شهری و برقراری ارتباط میان رخداد اعتراضی و فضاهای مزبور معیارهای کمی فضا از منظر ابعاد، کیفیت ارتباط با بافت پیرامونی و از منظر نمادین ارتباط آن ها با ساختار کل شهر و ساختمان های پیرامون آن ها مورد توجه قرارگرفته است.نتیجه گیری: درمرحله اول رویدادها درکالبد فضایی که از منظر تاریخی مشروع محسوب می شوند آغاز و درادامه کنش اجتماعی به خلق و بازنمایی فضاهای خود اقدام می کند و فضاهای روزمره به جزئی ازیک نظام نمادین جدید فضای شهری بدل می گردند و در مرحله سوم انقلاب با دگردیسی مفهوم فضایی، تغییر معنای نمادین فضاهای از پیش موجود و تلاش برای تصرف فضاهای تعّین یافته با هدف مقابله با گروه های درگیر درانقلاب، روبه رو هستیم. درطی رویداد بررسی شده معلوم شدکه سازمان فضایی شهر تهران شامل مقر حکومتی، دیوانی و اداری (میدان ارگ، میدان توپخانه و میدان بهارستان)، مرکز مذهبی (مساجد)، مرکز اقتصادی (بازار) و دیگر عناصر شهری با این رویداد در ارتباط بوده اند.Analyzing the Role of Tehran's Space in Contemporary Social Events (a Case Study of the Islamic Revolution)
Introduction: The city was born in the channel of geography and changes or dissolves over time under the influence of various factors. The way of coexistence of various classes and groups of society in every city is crystallized in the physical space of residential neighborhoods and the internal relationships between each component and the connection of each with other urban spaces.protest actions and revolutions are the result of confrontation between the government and new social movements in the urban space. The location of Tehran and the political and social concentration of movements in it have been the cause of various historical events in this city. In order to identify the political center and border of a government in social events, situational analysis studies should be done. In this approach, the dispersion of spaces and works in the landscape is a key to identify the political center and borders. Recognizing the effects of political activities of a government in archeological documents is possible through the examination and study of the territory and documents related to socio-political activities. The material manifestations of social factors in the formation of protest events have a direct relationship with the cultural works of humans and the social structure of urban spaces. The role of political competitions and protests in the formation of social actions in urban spaces is investigated and studied through urban archaeology. In archaeological data, which is related to society, there is a dialectical relationship between past and present. The way of placement of spaces, social groups and different cultures, in general the spatial organization and the constituent elements of the city are connected through communication. The quality of urban design and types of spaces have a great impact on the society. Discourse in the city can be understood as a form or a practice.The purpose of the research: The purpose of the research is to analyze the relationship between the nature and goals of political and social events and the way Tehran's urban spaces are used in contemporary protest events (case study: Islamic Revolution).Methodology: The method of this research is library (documents), field (visiting buildings) and with a descriptive-analytical approach.Findings and discussion: In order to interpret the urban spaces and establish a connection between the protest event and the said spaces, the quantitative criteria of the space in terms of dimensions, the quality of connection with the surrounding context, and from the symbolic point of view, their connection with the structure of the whole city and the buildings around them are taken into consideration Has taken.Conclusion: During the protests at the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, clerics of different times and strata played the most important role in the streets and urban spaces. The marches were held in Shahyad Square, 24 Esfand Square, Tehran University, Qaytarieh Hills and religious places of the city, which are among the most important urban spaces in this era. At the time of the 1957 revolution, due to the greater position and influence of religious people, especially clerics, and the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini (RA), they were able to influence the target society. The difference between the use of urban spaces in this event and other events investigated in this research was in the type of welcoming, supporting and accepting the invitation of activists and protesters, and it led to the maximum use of important urban spaces. The relationship between spaces and spatial organizations with audiences and social interactions in the investigated events in the city of Tehran is two-way. During the investigated event, it was found that the spatial organization of the city of Tehran includes the government, civil and administrative headquarters, religious center, economic center and other urban elements with this event has been related.
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