ذات گرایی جدید در علوم (جنبش رئالیستی جدید) (مقاله پژوهشی حوزه)
درجه علمی: علمی-پژوهشی (حوزوی)
آرشیو
چکیده
«ذات گرایی جدید» مابعدالطبیعه جدیدی است که با احیاء ذات گرایی قدیم، بسط ذات و خواص ذاتی(واقعیت و خواص واقعی) به ذوات و خواص ذاتی جوهری، رویدادی، فرایندی، رابطه ای، و خاصیتی، بسط آن ها به ذوات و خواص ذاتی طبق واقع و طبق قول، و ابتناء ذوات و خواص ذاتی طبق قول بر طبق واقع، به نحوی واقع بینانه، توانسته است، از سویی، به ذات گرایی در علوم طبیعی و انحاء ذوات و خواص ذاتی طبق واقع راه یابد و، از سوی دیگر، اعتباریات در علوم اجتماعی را، در مقام انحاء ذوات و خواص ذاتی طبق قول و قرارداد، محصول انحاء ذوات و خواص ذاتی واقعی و بخصوص محصول قوای علّی و فراعلّی آدمی دیده و نشان دهد که قراردادها و الزامات اجتماعی و اخلاقی(عام) نه صرف توافق و قرارداد بین انسان ها بلکه محصول ذات و سرشت آدمی و ایده آل های اجتماعی برخاسته از سرشت آدمی اند و از این روی به جای اینکه صرف قرارداد باشند در ذات و سرشت انسان ها ریشه دارند و بنابراین نه محلی و نسبی بلکه جهانی و مطلق اند .New Essentialism in Sciences(A New Realist Movement)
In field of philosophy and philosophy of science we can distinguish between three period:
(1) essentialism and realism of before Newton,
(2) anti-essentialism and anti-realism of after Newton, and
(3) essentialism and realism of after quantum. The first is propounded from Aristotle and Aristotelians until Middle Ages and to be current until present to its traditional shape. The second was cavalier in the field of philosophy and philosophy of science from time of Newton, Berkley, Hume, and Kant, until last forty years, and it is, in this last forty years, source for neglect of third course by the way of positivists, linguistic and analytic philosophies, and contemporary philosophy of sciences and, as a general rule, by the way of conventionalism. The third course appeared in last forty years, it has developed and strengthened essential metaphysics, in opposition to second course and develop of third course.
Findings: In the standpoint of third course, the first course isn't active and philosophers have spent far too long, and succeeded far too little, in trying to use the classical Aristotelian concepts to do a twenty-first century job. The second course, too, has the space of Human metaphysics and, in spite of contains most part of philosophies and contemporary philosophy of sciences, instead of follow real and realistic analyses it is n follow of logic and logical analyses and can't discovery the real. Third course is the only new course that can discover and explain realities in the basis of their essence and essential properties.
Cunclusion: Unfortunately, the contemporary Iran is unaware of third course, and this unawareness is the source of relative supremacy of anti-essentialism and anti-realism on academic and scientific institutes.
New Essentialism is a new metaphysics and it has could with revive of old essentialism, develop of essence and essential properties(reality and real properties) to essences and essential properties of substantial, eventual, processional, connectional, and property, develop of them to essence and essential properties of de facto and de dicto, and to base essences and essential properties of de dicto on de facto, realistically, from one side, to find its way to essentialism in natural sciences and varieties of essences and essential properties of de facto, and, from other side, see confidences in social sciences, as varieties of essences and essential properties of de facto, produce of varieties of essences and essential properties of de facto, and especially produce of causal and meta causal powers of mankind, and show that social and ethical conventions aren't pure convention between humans, but they are produce of human essence and dispositions and social ideals that springs from human disposition and, therefore, they aren’t pure conventions, but they are rooted in human essence and disposition and, therefore, they aren't local and relative, but universal and absolute.
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