مهارات الترجمة المباشرة بين العربية والفارسية "التلخيص" نموذجا (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تعدُّ الترجمه المباشره من المهارات القدیمه – الحدیثه. فالحاجه الملحّه إلیها، دفعتها لتکون مقدّمه على نظیراتها فی الأهمیه منذ الحرب العالمیّه الثانیه، کما أنها تحتوی على مهارات جمّه جعلتها تکون محطَّه اهتمام المعنیین بالترجمه المباشره، الأمر الذی یتطلّب الترکیز على إحدى هذه المهارات. وقد وجدنا مهاره التلخیص فی الترجمه بین العربیه والفارسیه، من أهم مهارات الترجمه بشقَّیها التحریری والمباشر. وجاء هذا البحث لیضع حلولًا لمعالجه وتذلیل المشاکل التی یواجهها المترجم فی الترجمه المباشره من الفارسیه إلى العربیه والعکس، مثل حل مشکله تأخیر الفعل فی الجمله الفارسیه المطوّله، التی قلَّما نواجه نظیرها فی الترجمه المباشره من العربیه إلى الفارسیه لوجود الفعل فی بدایه الجمله، وقلّما اهتم الباحثون فی مجال الترجمه الشفویه بین العربیه والفارسیه بهذه المهاره، فی حین أنَّ مهاره التلخیص فی الترجمه المباشره، أهمّ من نظیرتها التحریریه، لتوفّر عامل الزمان فی الأخیره، وانعدامه فی الأولى، فبات الاهتمام بها والتدریب علیها من أهمّ الضرورات الملحّه؛ لأنّها تؤتی ثمارها فی الوقت نفسه. وبما أنَّ الوقت الراهن عُرف بعصر ثوره المعلومات، فالعمل یتطلّب إنجاز المهام فوراً، لتحقیق الإنجازات السیاسیه، والأمنیه، والاقتصادیه. ومن خلال تقدیم نماذج وأمثله لعملیّه تلخیص کلام المتحدّث فی الترجمه المباشره، سنعتمد المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، لإنجاز هذه المهمّه وتبیین الأسالیب التی یجب أن یتّبعها المترجمون فی الترجمه المباشره. ومن أهمّ النتائج التی توصّل إلیها البحث أن عملیه التلخیص تختلف عن الإیجاز والاختصار ولها دور کبیر فی الترجمه المباشره، ویجب أن تتمّ وفق الضوابط والتقنیات الموضوعه لها. وعلى المترجم المباشر أن یستفید من الأسالیب المختلفه للتلخیص بما فیها استخدام الأسماء المختصره، أو علائم الاختصار فی الأفعال والأسماء، واستعمال أسماء الإشاره إلى باقی أجزاء الجمله وغیرها من الأسالیب التی یختارها بعض المترجمین حسب تجربتهم الخاصّه أثناء الترجمه.Enhancing Simultaneous Interpretation Skills between Arabic and Persian: A Case Study of the "Summarization" Skill
Simultaneous interpretation, an age-old yet increasingly vital skill, gained prominence during World War II due to the urgent demand for its application. The significance of simultaneous interpretation and its associated skills is determined by the level of need, thus prioritizing its development. This discussion focuses on the skill of summarization, a crucial aspect of translation and simultaneous interpretation between Persian and Arabic. Despite its pivotal role in translation and interpretation, summarization has been somewhat overlooked with experts primarily utilizing it in written translation rather than in simultaneous interpretation. However, the latter holds greater importance as it allows no time for reflection or revision unlike written translation. Therefore, there is a pressing need to emphasize simultaneous interpretation and its teaching methods given that the results of simultaneous interpretation are immediate. In the current era often referred to as the "Evolution of Information", there is a necessity to conduct research on the political, security, and economic factors influencing simultaneous interpretation to achieve its objectives. Despite numerous research endeavors on simultaneous interpretation, many remain confined to the framework of theses or academic articles, lacking recognition as primary references. One significant outcome of this research was the revelation that summarization was not exclusively associated with written translation until before World War II as it had since become integral to simultaneous translation. Furthermore, the challenges of translating between Farsi and Arabic were found to be underscored due to the imperative nature of summarization in simultaneous interpretation, demanding immediate attention. This research garnered the interest of experts and students, leading to the organization of training courses on simultaneous translation and its associated skills, consequently increasing the number of proficient simultaneous translators.
Introduction
Simultaneous interpretation, an age-old yet modern skill, has gained paramount importance since World War II due to its urgent necessity, surpassing other forms of translation. This multifaceted skill set has captured the attention of simultaneous interpretation agents, who focus on individual skills. Consequently, the skill of summarizing (applicable to both consecutive interpretation and written translation) when translating between Arabic and Persian can be considered a fundamental aspect of simultaneous interpretation and written translation. This discussion has aimed to provide solutions to address the challenges and obstacles encountered when translating in the presence of a simultaneous interpreter. For instance, finding a solution to the issue of elongating Persian sentences when translating the speaker's words into Arabic is a common challenge for translators. Although this situation is less prevalent in translations from Arabic to Persian due to the placement of the verb at the beginning of Arabic sentences, researchers often undervalue the importance of this skill (summarization) in translating from Arabic to Persian. Despite the fact that summarizing is one of the most crucial skills in simultaneous translation, it holds particular significance in this type of translation. In written translation, the translator has the luxury of time to reference and correct certain points, whereas in simultaneous interpretation, this opportunity is not available. Therefore, the skill of summarizing in simultaneous interpretation is more critical than in other forms of translation. In written translation, the translator has the time to correct and review, but in simultaneous interpretation, not only is there no time for correction and review, but the interpreter may also struggle to simultaneously interpret the content with the speaker's words. Consequently, emphasizing the importance of simultaneous interpretation and highlighting the need for comprehensive training for translators has become one of the most crucial points in elevating the scientific and practical standards of translation. The results and impacts of this type of translation are visible more immediately, especially in the current era of the information revolution. Undoubtedly, its political, security, and economic effects will be promptly visible and utilized.
Materials & Methods
In this research, we aimed to demonstrate the practical approach to summarizing the speaker's words in simultaneous interpretation by providing illustrative examples in an analytical-descriptive style. Additionally, we delved into the working methods of translators in simultaneous translation, offering a comprehensive explanation of their processes.
Research Findings
One of the key findings of this discussion was the recognition of simultaneous translation as one of the most crucial intellectual and mental skills that a translator must possess. Until a few decades ago, the mention of translation often evoked thoughts of written translation, seemingly disregarding the existence of simultaneous translation, despite its longer history and more complex nature. Another significant result of this discussion was elucidation of the distinction between brevity and summarization, both of which play pivotal roles in simultaneous translation. This understanding would empower the translator to utilize the names of international organizations and institutions instead of translating lengthy names, thereby enhancing efficiency in the translation process.
Discussion of Results & Conclusion
A simultaneous interpreter can have the ability to employ summarization and condense repeated or explanatory sentences from the speaker, allowing for seamless continuation of translation alongside the speaker's discourse. Furthermore, a notable example of the challenges faced by simultaneous interpreters during interpretation from Persian to Arabic is positioning of the verb at the end of Persian sentences, which can adversely impact the quality of the translator's work, particularly in lengthy sentences. To address this issue in this study, some solutions were proposed, including recommendation for translators to initially convey the speaker's words and subsequently, upon hearing the main verb of the Persian sentence, integrate it at the beginning of the translated sentence. Additionally, this discussion delved into the rationale behind summarizing the speaker's words, along with the methods for executing this process, thus providing a comprehensive analysis of their application by the interpreter.
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