بررسی چالش های زیست پذیری شهری در افغانستان از دیدگاه متخصصین شهری
آرشیو
چکیده
مقدمه: باتوجه به افزایش روزافزون شهرنشینی، چالش ها ی شهری نیز در حال افزایش است. چالش های شهرنشینی در کشورهای درحال توسعه با شدت بیشتری زیست پذیری را دچار چالش می کند و مفهوم زیست پذیری ارتباط مستقیمی با کیفیت زندگی شهروندان دارد. شهرهای کشور افغانستان علاوه بر این که درحال توسعه محسوب می شوند در طول سال های گذشته با تغییرات سیاسی اساسی نیز مواجه بوده اند. باتوجه به تاثیر سیاست روی شهرسازی در افغانستان، چالش های زیست پذیری شهری به وجود آمده اهمیت زیادی یافته است. هدف پژوهش: هدف این پژوهش بررسی چالش های زیست پذیری شهری با تاکید بر تحولات 5 سال اخیر در افغانستان است.روش شناسی: رویکرد پژوهش، کیفی است. این پژوهش از جنبه اهداف درونی، توصیفی و از جنبه اهداف بیرونی، کاربردی است. از شیوه مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته برای گردآوری داده بهره گرفته شده است. مشارکت کنندگان به شکل هدفمند (به کمک شیوه گلوله برفی) انتخاب شدند و تعداد آن ها وابسته به رسیدن به اشباع داده 21 نفر بوده است. مشارکت کنندگان پژوهش شامل اساتید ، پژوهشگران و دانشجویان شهرسازی افغانستان بودند. روش تجزیه وتحلیل داده ها، روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی است. برای تحلیل داده ها از فرایند کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی استفاده شده است. این کدگذاری در سه سطح انتزاع صورت گرفته استیافته ها و بحث: چالش های اصلی زیست پذیری شهری در افغانستان شامل یازده مقوله اصلی است. این چالش ها عبارتند از: نبود احساس امنیت شهری، نبود بستر تعاملات اجتماعی در فضاهای شهری، نگاه تک بعدی به کاربری های شهری، کاهش حس تعلق، از بین بردن المان و عناصر شهری، تخریب فضاهای عمومی، تضعیف حقوق شهروندی، غیرتخصصی پیش بردن مدیریت شهری، رکود اقتصادی در تامین مالی شهرها، ناکارآمدی قوانین شهری و تقلیل مشارکت مردمی است.نتیجه گیری: چالش های زیست پذیری شهری افغانستان در سه بعد اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کالبدی دسته بندی می شوند. در جمع بندی مطالب می توان چنین گفت که شاخص و اصول زیست پذیری شهری در افغانستان در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار ندارد و زیست پذیری شهرهای افغانستان با چالش های اساسی و جدی روبه رو است.Examining the challenges of urban livability in Afghanistan from the point of view of urban experts
Introduction:Due to the increasing urbanization, urban challenges are also increasing. The challenges of residents in the developing world challenge the urban livability with greater intensity and the concept of livability is directly related to the quality of life. In addition to being developed, the cities of the country have also existed with many important political changes during the past years. Due to the impact on the urban planning policy in Afghanistan, challenges of urban viability have arisen, which are many of these cases.The Purpose of the Research:The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges of urban livability with an emphasis on the changes of the last 5 years in Afghanistan.Methodology:The approach of the current research is qualitative. This research is descriptive from the aspect of internal goals and is considered an applied research from the aspect of external goals. In line with the qualitative assessment of urban livability in Afghanistan, the semi-structured interview method has been used to collect the required data. The participants in this research were selected purposefully (with the help of methods such as snowball) and their number depended on reaching the Data saturation of 21 people. In this research, the participants included professors of urban planning in Afghanistan, researchers and students of urban planning in Afghanistan. All the interviews were recorded with the permission of the participant, and during the interviews, note-taking was also used, which was used both to mention the important and key issues and to record the created ambiguities, so that the participant can be asked about it again and the participant can be enlightened. to pay Finally, after each interview, the implementation of the audio file and writing the interview objectively and with the same tone and expression have been discussed. The data analysis method is the content analysis method. MAXQDA software is used in the data management section. In this research, an attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the findings by rereading the results by the interviewees.Findings and Discussion:Afghanistan's resources and strategic position have made this country important, as a result of which both neighboring countries and superpower countries have a great impact on Afghanistan. Urban planning in Afghanistan is also heavily influenced by politics, and with the political changes that occur, the urban planning and urban livability of Afghanistan also undergoes transformation. In the following, the challenges of urban livability in Afghanistan are presented from the point of view of urban experts . The main challenges of urban livability in Afghanistan include eleven main categories. These challenges include: lack of sense of urban security, lack of platform for social interactions in urban spaces, one-dimensional view of land uses, reduction of the sense of belonging, destruction of urban elements and elements, destruction of public spaces, weakening of citizen rights, non-specialization of urban management. Economic stagnation in the financing of cities, ineffectiveness of city laws and reduction of public participation.Conclusion:Challenges of urban livability in Afghanistan are categorized in three social, economic and physical dimensions. The social dimension includes the challenges of the lack of feeling of urban security, the weakening of citizen rights, the lack of a platform for social interactions in urban spaces, the reduction of participation and the reduction of the sense of belonging. The physical dimension includes the challenges of eliminating Germany and urban elements, a one-dimensional view of uses and the destruction of public spaces. The managerial dimension includes the non-specialized challenges of promoting urban management, economic stagnation in the financing of cities, and the inefficiency of urban laws. In summary, it can be said that the index and principles of urban livability in Afghanistan are not in a favorable condition and the livability of Afghan cities is facing serious and fundamental challenges. The main measure to improve livability indicators is to increase the awareness of citizens and the government to take serious measures to solve the problems. Today, there are many changes in the level of literacy and awareness of Afghan people compared to the past. People of this period, especially Afghan women, have become more aware of their rights. This awareness prevents people from accepting unfavorable conditions. And he pushes them to reach the conditions they deserve.
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