تصاویر کودکان در نگاره های نسخه هفت اورنگ جامی محفوظ در مجموعه فریر، بر اساس نظریه پیش ساختگرایی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پیش ساختگرایی نظریه ای ست که برمبنای آن، انسان از بدو لقاح، ازپیش ساخته شده است و تا هنگام تولد، صرفاً به جهت اندازه و ابعاد رشدمی کند. بدین شکل که در هنگام لقاح، انسانی کوچک و کاملاً شکل گرفته، در اسپرم یا تخمک وجود دارد. برمبنای این دیدگاه که طی قرون وسطی بر فضای فکری آن روزگار سیطره می یابد، کودکان به مثابه بزرگسالانی کوچک درنظر گرفته می شدند. اعتقاد به این نظریه، موجب گردید، در بسیاری از آثار نقاشی آن دوره، کودکان با اندامها و ویژگیهای افراد بالغ نمایش داده شوند. نشانه های باور به این اندیشه را می توان در آثار هنرمندان و نقاشان ایرانی نیز مشاهده نمود. یکی از این نمونه ها، نگاره های حاوی کودک در نسخه هفت اورنگ جامی محفوظ در مجموعه فریر است.نوشتار حاضر با رویکرد تاریخی و روش تحقیق توصیفی تحلیلی به انجام رسیده و شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات، کتابخانه ای بوده است و بر آن است، به واکاوی نحوه تعمیم یافتگی نظریه پیش ساختگرایی در ترسیم تصاویر کودکان در نگاره های نسخه مصور هفت اورنگ محفوظ در مجموعه فریر بپردازد. بدین منظور، در این پژوهش، به این پرسش پاسخ داده می شود؛ چگونه نظریه پیش ساختگرایی در نسخه هفت اورنگ جامی، نمود یافته است؟ نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می دهد، نمودیافتگی نظریه پیش ساختگرایی در این نگاره ها، در حالات چهره، البسه، موقعیت قرارگیری، ابعاد اندام شخصیت ها، ملموس است. کودکان در نگاره های این نسخه به گونه ای ترسیم شده اند، که نگاه به کودک، به مثابه انسان بزرگسال، مشهود می نماید.An Analysis of the Images of Children in the Paintings of the Haft Aurang Jami in the Ferrier Collection, Based on the Theory of Performationism
Performationism is the theory that a human being is completely preformed in a very small size from the very beginning of conception and only grows in size and physical dimensions from the time of birth until adulthood. In neurology, it is used to describe the map of sensory neurons in each part of (somatosensory homunculus) the brain. For many centuries, scientists believed that the performationism, which means a small, fully formed human, is present in a man's sperm and then takes place in the ovum during fertilization and grows only in size and quality until adulthood. Based on this view that dominates the intellectual atmosphere of that time during the Middle Ages, children were considered as small adults. In the Middle Ages, it was believed that a child was the same as an adult with smaller organs and less physical strength. In those days, as soon as a child could live without the constant help and care of his mother, he started to be a member of the society of elders. In the social life of the Middle Ages, children were treated like adults. Children in medieval artwork were painted in adult clothing. With this belief, if children wore the clothes of adults, they were expected to behave alike. Believing in this theory made artists to show children in their paintings with the images, clothes and appearance of adults but on a smaller scale, or draw them in situations other than what is expected of the child. As many paintings in the Middle Ages and Iranian paintings show children with the body and characteristics of adults. Signs of belief in this idea can be seen in the works of Iranian painters. One of the most important of these examples is the paintings containing the child in the Haft Aurang Jami version in the Ferrier Collection. Moreover In the works of Kamal ud-Din Behzad in the edition of "Persian Poetry Program", the work of "Woman and Child" by Reza Abbasi, a picture by Mirza Ali in Panj Ganj Nizami, the picture "Babie's testimony to the innocence of Yusuf (PBUH)" attributed to Mohammad Sabzevari, the picture of "Yusuf (PBUH) Shepherding" from the collection of Yusuf (PBUH) and Zulikhai Jami related to the Safavid period, are evident examples of children's pictures which are drawn with different proportions of adults.The present writing was done in a historical-descriptive way and data collection was desk-based, and its purpose is to express the theory of performationism children's paintings in the paintings of Haft Aurang Mahfouz in the Ferrier collection. For this purpose, in this research, this question is answered; how did this theory manifest in Haft Orang Jami? The results of this research show that the theoretical expression of performationism in these paintings is evident in the facial expressions, clothing, positioning, body scale and the difficulty of distinguishing the gender of the characters. Children in the illustrations of this version are drawn in a way as they are adults.
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