ارزیابی پیامدهای اجتماعی - فرهنگی پروژه های شهری: مورد مطالعه پارکلت کتاب خیابان فخر رازی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش هایی که باهدف ارزیابی تأثیرات اجتماعی- فرهنگی انجام می شوند به دنبال ارتقای کیفیت زندگی، توانمندسازی اجتماعات انسانی و تحقق عدالت اجتماعی هستند. در این پژوهش تلاش شده است تا به ارزیابی پیامدهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی احداث پارکلت کتاب به مثابه یک فضای شهری کوچک، منعطف و کاربردی در خیابان فخر رازی پرداخته شود. در بخش کمی که از روش پیمایش و ابزار پرسش نامه استفاده شده است، جامعه آماری شامل همه عابرین پیاده ای شده از این خیابان استفاده کرده و رفت وآمد کرده اند. شیوه نمونه گیری تصادفی احتمالی و همچنین تعداد نمونه 200 نفر از عابرین پیاده بوده است. بعلاوه در بخش روش کیفی با استفاده آر، تحلیل مضمون، تلاش شده است تا پیامدهای اجتماعی-فرهنگی مرتبط با پارکلت موردبررسی قرار گیرد. یافته ها نشان می دهد پیامدهای احتمالی احداث پروژه شامل تأثیرات مثبت و منفی مانند شکل گیری حوزه عمومی به ویژه برای گروه های کم قدرت، شکل گیری پیوندهای اجتماعی و کردارهای مشارکتی، شکل گیری هویت محله ای و منطقه ای، افزایش مشارکت گروه های مختلف، احساس تعلق شهروندان به محله، بهبود کسب وکارهای مجاور وندالیسم. افزایش ترافیک در محدوده و ایجاد معارضه با کسبه محل می شود.Socio-Cultural Impact Assessment of Urban Projects: A Case Study of the Book Parklet on Fakhr Razi Street
This article seeks to evaluate the social and cultural impacts of constructing a book parklet as a small, adaptable urban space on Fakhr Razi Street. Quantitative data was gathered through a structured survey utilizing a researcher-designed questionnaire. The target population comprised pedestrians who frequented the area, with a random sample of 200 respondents selected for participation. Additionally, qualitative thematic analysis was conducted to provide further insights. The findings reveal both positive and negative effects of the parklet's development. Positively, the project facilitated the creation of a public space, particularly benefiting marginalized or "silent" groups, while fostering social ties, collaborative actions, and strengthening neighborhood and regional identity. It also enhanced community participation, a sense of belonging, and boosted nearby businesses. However, the study also highlighted challenges, such as increased traffic congestion and conflicts with local businesses, as well as instances of vandalism. These outcomes underscore the complexity of such urban interventions in balancing community benefits with unintended consequences.Keywords: Socio-Cultural Impact Assessment, Parklet, Urban Public Spaces, Social Interactions, Silent Groups. IntroductionIn contemporary urban environments, there is an increasing need for public open spaces equipped with appropriate amenities and visually appealing landscapes. Parklets, as small, interactive spaces designed alongside city sidewalks and streets, serve as a solution to this demand. The construction of parklets not only enhances the urban landscape and aesthetic quality but also encourages continuous pedestrian activity. These compact urban spaces, which offer citizens areas to meet, relax, eat, or engage socially, play a crucial role in fostering social interactions while mitigating the dominance of automobiles in the urban streetscape. This research aims to explore the key socio-cultural impacts of constructing a book-themed parklet on Fakhr Razi Street. Additionally, it seeks to identify the primary stakeholder groups involved in the parklet's development and usage.Literature ReviewSocial Impact Assessment (SIA) examines the effects of development interventions on people's everyday lifestyles and general behavior. Within this framework, parklets, as multifunctional public spaces, have a significant influence on urban life and the overall quality of life for citizens. According to Pratt, parklets are designed to provide public spaces where individuals can sit, relax, and engage with their surrounding urban environment. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review and international case studies, parklet assessment criteria can be categorized into four primary dimensions: (1) Usage, (2) User Diversity, (3) Activity Levels, and (4) Sociability of the project location. These criteria offer a holistic approach to evaluating the socio-cultural impacts of parklets on urban spaces.MethodologyThis study employs both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (thematic analysis) methodologies to comprehensively assess the socio-cultural impacts of the parklet on Fakhr Razi Street. For the quantitative component, data was collected through a structured questionnaire, with the statistical population comprising all pedestrians who have traversed the street. A sample size of 200 respondents was determined using a random sampling method to ensure representativeness. For the qualitative aspect, thematic analysis was conducted alongside semi-structured interviews. The interviewees included various stakeholders such as nearby business owners, pedestrians, special interest groups (e.g., individuals with disabilities or visual impairments), and experts from relevant organizations. In total, 20 individuals were interviewed, offering diverse perspectives on the project's implementation and its social impact. This mixed-method approach provides a robust analysis of the parklet’s effects on urban life and public space use.ResultsQuantitative Findings:The demographic analysis of the survey respondents reveals that 51.8% of participants were female, while 48.2% were male. The age distribution indicates that 21.5% of the respondents were between 15 and 25 years old, 40.5% were in the 25 to 35 age group, and 26% were aged between 35 and 45. A smaller proportion of respondents, 8.5%, were between 45 and 55 years old, with 3.5% over the age of 55. In terms of transportation methods, 12.8% of respondents traveled to Fakhr Razi Street on foot, 15.4% by private vehicle, and 37.9% via public transportation. The average walking distance reported along the sidewalks surrounding Fakhr Razi Street was 3 kilometers, suggesting that the parklet can serve as a significant resting area for pedestrians in this high-traffic zone.Qualitative Findings:The qualitative analysis reveals both positive and negative socio-cultural impacts stemming from the parklet’s construction. On the positive side, the parklet has facilitated the creation of a public space, particularly benefiting silent or marginalized groups. It has also contributed to the formation of social ties, fostered collaborative actions, and enhanced neighborhood and regional identity. Additionally, the parklet has increased participation across various demographic groups and fostered a sense of belonging to the neighborhood. The economic benefits include improvements in the performance of nearby businesses. However, some negative impacts were also identified. These include increased traffic congestion in the area and emerging conflicts between the parklet and local businesses, as well as issues related to vandalism. This complex set of outcomes underscores the multifaceted influence of such urban interventions on community life.Project Beneficiaries: Analysis of Winners and Losers levelSamplesExamples of impactsthe LosersAt the individual levelResidents of Sheikh Hadi neighborhoodAssembly of marginalized individualsPresence of disruptive individualsEmergence of social tensionsDiminished sense of peace and comfortAt the group levellow power groups (in case of disturbing groups)Loss of public space due to the congregation of inappropriate individualsDecreased pedestrian safetyStudents, local businesses, etc. (in case of disturbing groups gathering)Decrease in revenueIncreased safety risks for the businessLoss of parking availabilityAt the organizational levelMunicipality of Region 11 and associated vice-chairsDeterioration of parklet spaceAssembly of criminal elementsTehran MunicipalityDissatisfaction with the degradation of the park's urban landscapePoliceCreation of a space for disruptive individualsTraffic policeTrafficthe winnersAt the individual and group levellow power groups, especially the elderly and disabledExpansion of public spaces for relaxationNearby businessesIncreased sales and enhanced business performanceResidents of the areaImprovement of urban furniturePedestrians and commuters within the cityEnhanced services along the sidewalkAt the organizational levelDistrict 11 Municipality and Tehran MunicipalityStrengthened social legitimacy of the municipalityIncreased public trust in the municipalityStudentsCreation of a meeting spaceEnhanced sense of place attachmentPublishing collections and affiliated cultural institutionsHosting of cultural events
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