الگوی بهینه پذیرش و موفقیّت طرح های توسعه روستایی؛ مطالعه طرح توسعه مشارکتی فناوری در شهرستان های سوادکوه شمالی و قائم شهر (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
برای درک درست از چگونگی انتشار نوآوری ها در جامعه، لازم است درک درستی از فرآیند پذیرش آن ها وجود داشته باشد؛ چراکه افراد در این فرآیند از یکدیگر یاد می گیرند و برهم تاثیر می گذارند. هم چنین توسعهمشارکتی فناوری به کشاورزان اجازه می دهد یاد بگیرند و آن چه را که موردنیاز است انتخاب کنند. براین اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی الگوی بهینه پذیرش طرح های توسعه روستایی، تصمیم دارد نقش مولفه های مؤثر با فرض این که عناصر اصلی نظام پذیرش هستند را مطالعه کند. این پژوهش از لحاظ ماهیت توصیفی- تحلیلی و از نظر هدف کاربردی است. جامعه آماری در این مطالعه بهره برداران، مروجان و مدیران 10 روستای شهرستان های سوادکوه و قائم شهر می باشد که 283 نفر به صورت طبقه بندی با انتساب بهبنه انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات به دو شیوه میدانی و کتابخانه ای جمع آوری و پس از تعیین روایی و پایایی، با استفاده از تحلیل ها توصیفی و تحلیل عاملی مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاکی از آن است که الگوی بهینه پذیرش شامل عناصری همچون خصوصیات فناوری/ طرح، خصوصیات جامعه محلی، خصوصیات پذیرندگان، خصوصیات مروج، عملکرد مدیران ملی و محلی و هم چنین اثرات طرح جهت گسترش پذیرش، می شود. از بین آن ها در بخش میانگین ها، خصوصیات پذیرنده، مروج و اثرات طرح دارای بیش ترین تاثیر بودند و در تحلیل عاملی نیز «اثرات طرح» بیش ترین نقش را درمیان عوامل موثر بر پذیرش نوآوری ها داشت؛ درواقع پس از پذیرش توسط گروه های اول و مشخص شدن آثار آن، سایرین نیز ترغیب به پذیرش می شوند؛ درنتیجه نوآوری و فناوری میان روستاییان گسترش می یابد.Optimal model of acceptance and success of rural development plans (Case Study: PTD plan, Savadkooh North and Qaemshahr)
IntroductionTo ensure the production and transfer of technology proportionate to the needs, conditions and situations of farmers need the favorable process and approach. For this purpose, Participatory Technology Development approachs as one of the most important Participatory patterns Production and technology transfer it is presentation that it had a Multi String orientation and takes into account Farmers as experimenters and main actors (Asghari-Alashti, 2012). Of course to Correct understanding from how to diffusion innovations to have in society, its necessary Correct understanding from the process of accepting them; Why so People in the process they learn from each other and affect each other (Assenova, 2018)؛ indeed innovations can be accepted when that to have roots in the social, economic and cultural environment of the village (Emadi & Abbasi, 2004)؛ On this basis should promotional services for all acceptor groups be correspondent and symmetrical, then be presentation to them (Zamanipour, 2000). MethodologyPresent study in terms of nature descriptive-analytical and it is practical in terms of purpose. To do research information was collected in two methods: field and library. They were prepared as documents information on theoretical foundations and research pasts. Data and field information as well through a researcher-made questionnaire with Likert spectrum and was collected based on the research problem. Level of research analysis of two villages accepting the participatory technology development plan and analysis unit Project acceptors and propagandists and also national and local institutions involved in the two villages in sightly that numbers passing104 people; so, the study was conducted in counting full. Since the purpose of this research Study is the optimal model for acceptance and success of rural development plans (innovation), the studied variables include: 1. Innovation characteristics, 2. acceptor characteristics, 3. community conditions, 4. promoter characteristics, 5. performance of managers and institutions, and 6. effects and obstacles of the plan. Here, the success rate and acceptance of innovation depends on these factors. The research data were analyzed in SPSS software. For data fitting test and determine their reliability and validity and measuring tools from cronbach's alpha statistical method (with a study of 20 samples) was used that the amount was 0.940 and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by several geography professors and Pundits in the field of rural planning. FindingsPresent study with the goal evaluation the factors affecting the acceptance and success of these plans in search for designing an optimal model for acceptance and success of rural development plans. For this purpose, factors have been considered that include: 1. Innovation characteristics, 2. acceptor characteristics, 3. community conditions, 4. promoter characteristics, 5. performance of managers and institutions, and 6. effects and obstacles of the plan. It is hypothesis that the acceptance of any innovation or rural development plan depends on such factors. To study the effects of each of these factors the index and the value of "average effects" were used that the results showed: how function Quantitative and qualitative of agricultural jihad and World Bank in the field of publication and full implementation of the plan, the level of acceptance of the promoters by the farmers, the type of expression of the promoter in Presentation plans and solutions to farmers, how promoters respond to farmers' problems and questions, extent of monitoring promoters in implementation, all components of Chemical consumption management, adaptation of the plan to the real and varied conditions of farmers' lives, plan compatibility to abilities of farmers and rural environment limitations, quantity and quality of soil, farmer's expectations, how the farmer behaves and the extent of their participation with the promoters, with a higher average, have had the greatest impact. Also, low budget allocated to the plan, among have been Economic obstacles that it has had a more negative effect on acceptance. Also to measure the significance of the results, One-sample t-test was used that the results showed other than factors the performance of agricultural jihad and World Bank and Council and Dehyari, results of the effects of other factors on the acceptance and success of the plan, they have been significant and reliable. Discussion and Conclusion It has been noticed alone or separately in various researches to each of the effective factors; in other words, these factors they have not been examined together and this is true the distinction point of the present study with another research done, is. In the event that to optimal pattern design the results of all previous researchs should be considered together (Meta-analysis/ Puzzle). Of course, based on study of previous researchs until now it is not Presentation pattern or model to acceptance and development of technology and rural development plans. Any research done according to title that sometimes it's a one dimensional. In the event that we tried Let's study in this research all dimensions in connection with each other -Based on a holistic and monolith view-; Why so in the acceptance process, all factors play an important role and Pay attention to one dimension cause lack Success, acceptance and spread technologies, innovations and rural development plans, become; Indeed, it is not aspect in the village environment and this factor cause Project failure and Loss of investment. Also, a goal such as sustainable development and a favorable future will not be achieved.It is necessary let's pay attention to all the effective factors when presenting rural development plans and technologies; the proposed plan or innovation should be based on the characteristics of the community (Natural capabilities, facilities, needs and conditions) and characteristics of the acceptor. On the other hand, should pay attention to plan or technology characteristics, characteristics of promoters, the role of managers and Consequences of the plan; why so there is a correlation between these factors that it requires a systemic approach. Each of these factors they have an effective role at the reception plan or technology and finally its success which must be considered together. In the optimal model, these factors can be considered as the basic elements of the acceptance system.
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