تکمله و نقدی بر تصحیح «کلماتِ علیّه غرّا» اثر مکتبی شیرازی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
کلماتِ علیّه غرّا، اثری است از مکتبی شیرازی (حدود 865 – پس از 941 ق.) که بر وزن هفت پیکر نظامی گنجوی سروده شده است. این اثر ترجمه منظوم کلمات قصار امام علی (ع) است و شاعر در آن، صد کلمه از نثر اللئالی را برگزیده و پس از ترجمه هر سخن در یک یا چند بیت با حکایتی منظوم آن را شرح کرده است. این کتاب نخستین بار، در سال 1313 ش. به دست حسین کوهی کرمانی و براساس تک نسخه متعلق به ملک الشعرای بهار چاپ شد. این ویرایش ناپاکیزه و پرغلط است. تصحیح بعدی، به کوشش محمود عابدی سامان یافت و به سال 1378 ش. منتشر شد. محمود عابدی در این تصحیح، نسخه خطیِ اثر را در دست نداشته؛ تنها به اصلاح و ویرایش چاپ کوهی بسنده کرده است. تصحیح اخیر اگرچه گامی رو به پیش است، هنوز نیاز به تکمیل دارد. این پژوهشگر در این گفتار، با در اختیار داشتن اصل نسخه متعلق به بهار و یک نسخه خطی دیگر از منظومه یادشده (که فشرده ای کامل از آن را در بر دارد) برخی خطاهای تصحیح عابدی را نشان داده و نیز کلمات مفقود از نسخه مبنای کار کوهی و عابدی را ذکر کرده است، تا بدین ترتیب مجموع صد کلمه کتاب (گلُ صدبرگ باغ مرتضوی) تکمیل شود.A Supplementary Analysis and Critique of Maktabi Shirazi's Correction of 'Words Aliyya Ghurra'
"Aliyya Ghurra" is a work by Maktabi Shirazi (c. 865 - after 941 AD) written in the meter of Nezami Ganjavi's "Seven Bodies". This work is a translation of Imam Ali's precious sayings into verse form. The poet selected one hundred words from "Al-Laali Prose" and translated each saying into one or more couplets accompanied by a poetic anecdote. The book was first published in 1313 AH by Hossein Kuhi Kermani based on the only known manuscript belonging to Malek al-Shoara Bahar.
This initial publication was riddled with errors and inaccuracies. In the next attempt, Mahmoud Abadi published a corrected edition in 1999. However, Abadi did not have access to the original handwritten manuscript and could only work with the flawed Koohe edition. While Abadi's corrections were a step in the right direction, the text still requires further refinement. In this discourse, the researcher had access to Bahar's original manuscript, as well as another complete handwritten copy of the poem. By comparing these sources to Koohe and Abadi’s editions, the researcher identified the remaining mistakes in Abadi's correction and noted the missing words from the earlier published versions in order to present a more comprehensive and accurate version of "Gol-e Sad Barg-e Bagh-e Morteza" (The Flower of a Hundred Leaves from the Garden of Morteza).
Keywords : Aliyya Ghurra, Maktabi Shirazi, Correction, Supplementary Analysis.
Introduction:
Maktabi Shirazi (c. 865 - after 941 AD) was a renowned poet active in Shiraz in late 9 th and early 10 th centuries. He was among the elegiac poets, who were influenced by the works of Nezami Ganjavi and his own "Layli and Majnun" became a classic masterpiece. Maktabi Shirazi also authored a lesser-known work titled "Kalimat-e Aliyyeh Ghurra." In this treatise, Maktabi compiled the sayings of Imam Ali (A.S.) into a poetic form inspired by Nezami's "Seven Bodies" and the styles of other poets like Rashid Vatvat, Ibn al-Savaji, Ashraf Maraghi, and Shah Daei Shirazi. He selected one hundred words from the collection of "Al-Laali Prose" and translated each into one or more poetic couplets accompanied by a narrative explanation.
The work was first published in 1913 by Hossein Kuhi Kermani, but this edition was riddled with errors and inaccuracies. Subsequently, the scholar Mahmoud Abadi attempted to correct and edit the text, publishing an updated version in 1999. However, Abadi did not have access to any handwritten manuscripts and could only rely on refining Kuhi Kermani's flawed printed edition. While Abadi's corrections represented an improvement, the text still contained noticeable flaws. This discourse aimed to examine and critique Abadi's work, while also incorporating 33 missing words identified from a concise manuscript version that included the complete set of one hundred sayings ("Majlis" version).
Materials & Methods
This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, drawing on information gathered from library resources. The researcher examined two handwritten copies of the work in question and concluded that the published correction by Professor Mahmoud Abadi, while representing the best available edition of "Aliyya Ghurra", still required further critique and refinement. The aim of this discourse was to review and critique Mahmoud Abadi's correction and to additionally incorporate 33 words that were omitted from both the Kuhi Kermani and Abadi’s editions. The researcher utilized a concise manuscript version that included the complete set of one hundred sayings attributed to Maktabi Shirazi (dated 935 AH). By carefully comparing the various source materials and published versions, the researcher sought to present a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the text of "Aliyya Ghurra".
Research Findings
"Aliyya Ghurra" is a poetic collection featuring one hundred sayings attributed to Imam Ali (A.S.). The structure follows a consistent format, where the poet first presents a saying of the Imam, then provides a translation of it into one or more poetic verses, and finally offers a brief explanatory verse. The selected sayings are drawn from "Al-Laali Prose", a work attributed to Sheikh Tabarsi (d. 548 AH). In the Bahar manuscript, 70 words and titles of the Imam are included, but 13 of these are actually combined with other words, resulting in a total of 57 distinct entries.
Mahmoud Abadi's correction addressed this issue by identifying the 13 corresponding words from "Al-Laali Prose" and reintegrating them into their proper place within the text, thereby reconstructing the poetic structure. This represented a significant step forward in refining and organizing the work. However, it was shown that Abadi's correction also contained errors in the selection and replacement of certain words. Furthermore, the Bahar manuscript, which served as the source for Kuhi Kermani's printed edition, was incomplete, containing only 57 of the 100 words attributed to Maktabi Shirazi’s tradition. Abadi's correction included 70 words, including the mentioned 13 ones from "Al-Laali Prose". The author of this discourse identified the true 100 words of the elevated language of "Gharra", drawing from additional source materials to provide a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the complete work.
Discussion of Results & Conclusion
This article presented a critical analysis of "Aliyya Ghurra", a work attributed to the poet Maktabi Shirazi, and evaluated the correction efforts of Professor Mahmoud Abadi. The key findings were as follows:
Attribution of "Aliyya Ghurra" to Maktabi Shirazi was well-founded, refuting the claim by Saeed Nafisi that it was composed by a non-existent poet named Maktabi Khorasani.
The Majlis manuscript had to be used as the primary source for correcting and editing "Aliyya Ghurra" as it contained important sections, such as the preface and completion of the work, which were absent from the Bahar manuscript.
The Bahar manuscript, which served as the basis for Kuhi Kermani’s printed edition, was incomplete, including only 57 of the 100 sayings (Hadiths) attributed to Maktabi Shirazi. In contrast, Mahmoud Abadi's correction included 70 words with the addition of 13 words from the compilation of "Al-Laali Prose".
The author of this article identified the complete set of 100 words that constituted the authentic "Aliyya Ghurra" text, drawing on the dual handwritten sources of Bahar and Majlis.
Mahmoud Abadi's correction, while addressing the appropriate attribution of the words in "Aliyya Ghurra", was nevertheless flawed due to the limitations of working solely from the Kermani’s erroneous print. This discourse aimed to correct those errors by utilizing the more comprehensive manuscript sources.
Since Professor Mahmoud Abadi did not have access to a handwritten manuscript, his work was necessarily based on his literary expertise and general knowledge. While his correction addressed the appropriate attribution of the words in "Aliyya Ghurra", it was hindered by the reliance on Kermani’s flawed print. Consequently, several mistakes had been made. In this discourse, we endeavored to correct these errors by utilizing the dual handwritten sources of the "Bahar" and "Majlis" manuscripts.
Regarding Maktabi Shirazi's poetic Khamsa (quintet), only the work "Layli and Majnun" remained, along with some verses imitating "Makhzan al-Asrar", which are no longer extant. The "Aliyya Ghurra" text appeared to be modeled on the meter of the "Seven-Bodies" form, but information on Maktabi's other lost works was unavailable.
This analysis provided a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the "Aliyya Ghurra" text and its place within the literary legacy of Maktabi Shirazi.
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