تحلیل جامع مؤلفه های مؤثر در تغییر عملکرد سازگار بناهای تاریخی، بررسی موردی: خانه های تاریخی دوره پهلوی در تهران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
درصورت عدم امکان تداوم عملکرد بنا و در راستای حفاظت مؤثر از آن، استراتژی بازاستفاده انطباقی با دلالت بر تغییر عملکرد در بناها به کار گرفته می شود که شرایط پایش موفقیت آن ازطریق مفهوم «سازگاری»، به دلیل پیچیدگی و گستردگی، نیازمند تدقیق است. لذا هدف اصلی این مقاله، دستیابی به چارچوبی برای تحقق سازگاریِ تغییر عملکرد در بازاستفاده انطباقی از بنا های تاریخی است که ازلحاظ پرداختن به جنبه ها و دامنه های گسترده تأثیرگذار بر این حوزه جامعیت داشته و براساس مرحله مناسب برای شناسایی معیار های ارزیابی (پس از بهره برداری)، ازطریق تحلیل روابط میان معیار ها، نقش و اهمیت هریک، سازوکارهای تحقق سازگاری را تبیین نماید. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی بوده و در آن از روش آمیخته استفاده شده است؛ به نحوی که پس از شناخت چارچوب سازگاری، 45 مؤلفه تحقق آن با راهبرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و برگرفته از تحلیل محتوای جهت دار گردآوری شده و نهایتاً با هدف شناخت روابط میان زیرمعیار ها، روش مصاحبه با خبرگان در جمع آوری و نیز ترکیب روش های دیمتل فازی، ساختاری-تفسیری و میک مک در تحلیل داده ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفته اند که نهایتاً طی «مدل مفهومی نهایی» ارائه شده است. شایان ذکر است از میان این زیرمعیار ها، «حفظ و تقویت ارزش های ناملموس» بیشترین میزان تأثیرپذیری و تعامل با سایر زیرمعیار ها و «الزامات فنّی حفاظت (بازگشت پذیری و حداقل مداخلات)» در صدر زیرمعیار های با ماهیت علّی شناسایی شده است.Comprehensive Analysis of Compatibility Factors for Functional Changes in Adaptive Re-use of Historical Buildings: A Case Study of Pahlavi Era Historic Houses in Tehran
Change of use of historic buildings is a complex and multifaceted process that must take into account factors such as the preservation and clarification of the values of the historic building, as well as the needs, social and cultural expectations, and other intervening dimensions. Considering that the role of a new building's function in establishing successful adaptive reuse lies in achieving alignment between the building's capacities and the new needs and expectations, it becomes essential to recognize and analyze dimensions that can facilitate the realization of sustainable compatibility in new conditions and contribute to the increased lifespan of the building's functionality post-changes. Furthermore, the mechanism for achieving this alignment requires identification. In order to establish a dynamic link between these factors and ultimately lead to compatibility, there are a number of indicators that need to be refined and collected. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to achieve a comprehensive framework that, while addressing all aspects and areas of influence of the subject, takes a process-oriented approach to the issue of reuse, establishes the evaluation process and related indicators in its precise stage, and through determining the causal relationships and the degree of importance of different indicators, explains the retrospective and largely intangible processes of this matter. Therefore, the main research questions in this study, based on the aforementioned objectives, are as follows: 1.What are the key factors and indicators in achieving compatibility in function changes in adaptive reuse of buildings? 2.Which indicators are causal and which ones are affected? 3.Among all the indicators, which ones are of the highest importance, and how do they influence each other? The present research is of a practical type, in which a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods has been used. Initially, the main criteria and 45 indicators of change of use were extracted through a review of the literature and theoretical texts, and were collected through directed content analysis by using logical reasoning. The quantitative analysis of the indicators was performed through a combination of Fuzzy DEMATEL, Interpretive Structural Analysis, and MICMAC analysis. Finally, by borrowing from the conceptual model obtained from theoretical foundations and integrating it with the results of the analytical methods used, the final "Conceptual model" was explained and presented, which shows the role, position, and relationship between different indicators in achieving compatibility. It is worth mentioning that among these indicators, "preservation and strengthening of intangible values (evoking a sense of identity, cultural status, and reference to experiences, events, and memories)" has the highest degree of susceptibility and interaction with other indicators. The indicator of "technical preservation requirements (reversibility and minimum interventions)" has also been identified as the strongest cause among the indicators with causal nature and at the first level of importance. In summary, this research attempts to develop a comprehensive framework for building reuse compatibility evaluation that encompasses all relevant aspects and dimensions. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in repurposing historic buildings and provides insights for practitioners and stakeholders in the field.
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