راهکارهای اولویت بندی شده پدافند الکترونیک و پدافند سایبری در شناسایی و مقابله با تهدیدات پهپادی با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه راهکارهای اولویت بندی شده پدافند الکترونیک و پدافند سایبری برای شناسایی و مقابله با تهدیدات پهپادی به انجام رسیده است. در پژوهش حاضر که از نظر ماهیت، کاربردی می باشد با بهره گیری از روشی ترکیبی پس از یک مطالعه مروری بر روی روش های شناسایی و مقابله با تهدیدات پهپادی، مرسوم ترین این روش ها از جدیدترین منابع شناسایی و ارزیابی گردیدند. در ادامه با بهره گیری از مطالعات کتابخانه ای و نظر خبرگان ، 12 معیار برای رتبه بندی این روش ها احصاء و با روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی رتبه بندی گردیدند. سپس هریک از روش های شناسایی و مقابله بر اساس معیارهای شناسایی شده بر اساس ویژگی ها و محدودیت های احصاء شده در بخش ادبیات پژوهش برای هریک از روش های شناسایی و مقابله با تهدیدات پهپادی، نمره گذاری گردیدند و با ضرب نمودن امتیازهای بدست آمده در وزن هر معیار، امتیاز نهایی هریک از روش های شناسایی و مقابله با تهدیدات پهپادی حاصل گردید تا از این طریق بتوان آنها را رتبه بندی نمود.در پایان مشخص گردید برای شناسایی پهپادها، بهترین روش بر اساس معیارهای تعیین شده، روش های مبتنی بر سامانه های راداری بوده و برای مقابله با پهپادها، بهترین روش، بهره گیری از پالس الکترومغناطیسی می باشد. همچنین بهره گیری از سامانه های لیزری و ایجاد فریب سایبری برای پهپاد با اختلاف ناچیزی در رتبه بعدی روش های مقابله با تهدیدات پهپادی قرار گرفتند.Prioritized solutions of Electronic and Cyber defense in Drone detection and defense using analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
Drones now have many useful functions, ranging from monitoring pipelines, photography, filming, and as hobby for teenagers. Despite diversity of civil and military uses of drones for countries, they have threats for critical infrstructures and key assets. Nowadays, they are used beside war fighter planes. Drone attacks can be done by commercial drones dropping bombs, firing a missile, or crashing into a target. One of the main concerns is the unauthorized use of drones near critical infrastructure, public events, and sensitive locations. For instance, drones flying near airports or nuclear power plants pose a serious threat to security. Unauthorized drone activities can interfere with operations, compromise safety, and even facilitate criminal acts. Furthermore, because of their high efficiency and low cost among manned planes, they are more favorate for world armies. The availability of advanced navigation and satellite communication technologies has revolutionised the use of drones, making them more versatile. They can now endure missions by 40 hours, far beyond the capabilities of human crew. With in-flight refuelling and ultra-efficient solar power, the drones can provide an even greater range of operation. Meanwhile, in order to deter drone threats, diversive actions have done in the world, called "Counter-drone technologies or systems". Counter-drone technology encompasses a wide range of ways that allow you to detect, classify, and mitigate unmanned aerial vehicles. Parallel of using drones in the world, developing of counter-drone technologies is on process. More of these technologies are based on electronic and cyber defense methods. The growth of Counter-drone technology is related to the increase in concerns about the threat that drones pose in civilian and military infrastructures. Counter drone systems have become essential for the safety and security of critical infrastructures. Counter-drone systems detect and intercept the unknown drones by taking into account their flight path, physical properties such as size and kinetic energy, the number of swarming drones, and the likely damage which could be caused. Counter-drone systems are fixed or preferably portable and have the capability of defending the facilities like military establishments and sites, airports, petroleum facilities, and etc. by quickly detecting multiple drones at sufficient distances.Drone detection technology works to detect drones in the airspace. The most popular ways to detect drones electronic and cyber defense are: acoustic sensors, electro-optical and infra-red sensors, RADAR and radio ferequency sensors. Acoustic sensors can involve one or multiple microphones and software. These technologies can detect drones by engine sound to calculate distance and direction. Optical sensors (cameras) utilize multiple wavelengths (thermal, infrared, etc.) for day or night drone detection, and the technology is evolving quickly to extend range and intelligence with AI capabilities. Radar uses radio waves to determine distance and speed of objects. It is accurate and identifies hundreds of targets simultaneously, including all drone types (piloted or autonomous) in many weather conditions. RF sensors consist of one or multiple antennas of various ranges to detect communications between and drone and its controller (human operator). Although for drone mitigation or interception, the best are electro- magnetic pulse (EMP) or high power microwave (HPM), laser guns, electromagnetic field, jamming and spoofing.This research is aimed to develop prioritized solutions of electronic and cyber defense in drone detection and defense.In this research which is applicative in nature, the most popular methods in electronic and cyber defense were identified and analyzed using of a mixed methodology after a literature review on drone detection and defense systems. Then by using of library studies and expert opinions, 12 criteria were gathered and prioritized using AHP method. These 12 criteria were: response time- cost- side effects- operator skills-ability to detect autonomous drones- range- accuracy- intensity of effect- ability to drone landing- ability to build in the country- accessibility to system details.In this process, it was known that performance accuracy and functional range of detection systems have the best points. Then each of drone detection and defense was marked and by multiplying scores in weight of each criteria, final scores of each drone detection and defense system was identified in order to prioritizing them.At last, it became clear that for drone detection based on determined criteria the best method is RADAR based method and for defense is HPM. So, using of laser systems and cyber spoofing with a slight difference were on next steps of drone defense.
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