تحلیل الگوی نامناسب تقسیمات کشوری بر تخریب اکوسیستم های طبیعی (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبریز بختگان و طشک) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
چگونگی مدیریت و سازماندهی سیاسی فضا در قالب تقسیمات کشوری نقش مهمی در مدیریت قلمروهای طبیعی و پیوندهای اکوسیستمی آنها دارد. تطبیق نداشتن مرزبندی های سیاسی–اداری با عوارض طبیعی منطقه ها به ویژه مرزها و محدوده های حوضه های آبریز یکی از عوامل مهم تهدید پیوندهای اکوسیستمی منطقه هاست. با توجه به این امر در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش توصیفی–تحلیلی و با تکیه بر منابع کتابخانه ای تأثیرات چگونگی سازماندهی سیاسی فضا در قالب تقسیمات کشوری و تغییرات آن بر اکوسیستم حوضه آبریز دریاچه بختگان و طشک به عنوان دومین دریاچه بزرگ کشور بررسی شده است. نتایج نشان داد که تغییرات مکرر و غیر اصولی تقسیمات کشوری در قالب ایجاد واحدها و شهرستان های جدید به ویژه در منطقه های بالادستی حوضه باعث افزایش تعداد قلمروهای سیاسی–اداری، حاکم شدن رویکرد توسعه بخشی در سطح حوضه، افزایش بازیگران محلی، عبور جریان های آبی از قلمروهای سیاسی-اداری متعدّد، گسترش تنش های هیدروپلیتیکی، امکان پذیر نبودن مدیریت یکپارچه حوضه، از بین رفتن همگنی های طبیعی و تطبیق نداشتن مرزهای طبیعی حوضه با مرزهای سیاسی-اداری شده که چنین شرایطی در گسترش بهره برداری از منابع آبی در سطح قلمروهای بالادستی حوضه بدون توجه به پیوندهای زیست محیطی و اکوسیستمی آن با دریاچه مطالعه شده و در نتیجه خشک شدن آن مؤثر بوده است.Analyzing the Adverse Impact of Inadequate Administrative Divisions on Natural Ecosystem Degradation: A Case Study of the Bakhtegan-Tashk Basin
:Organization and management of political space through administrative divisions play a crucial role in effectively managing natural territories and their interconnected ecosystems. Failure to align political-administrative boundaries with the natural characteristics of regions, particularly the borders and boundaries of basins, poses a significant threat to ecosystem connectivity. In this study, by employing a descriptive-analytical approach and drawing on library sources, we examined the impacts of political organization of space, specifically national divisions and their changes, on the ecosystem of the Bakhtegan Lake and Tashk Basin. As the second-largest lake in the country, this basin served as a critical case study. The research findings revealed that frequent and arbitrary changes in the country's administrative divisions, particularly the creation of new units and cities in the upstream areas of the basin, had resulted in an increase in political-administrative territories, predominance of a sectoral development approach at the basin level, proliferation of local actors, passage of water currents across multiple political-administrative territories, escalation of hydropolitical tensions, hindrance of integrated basin management, loss of natural homogeneity, and failure to align the basin's natural borders with political-administrative borders. Consequently, this trend had facilitated the unrestrained exploitation of water resources in the upstream territories, disregarding environmental and ecosystem linkages with the lake and ultimately leading to its depletion.Keywords: Basin, Administrative Divisions, Ecosystem, Kor and Sivand Rivers, Water Tension, Bakhtegan and Tashk Lakes.IntroductionRecent studies have revealed that Fars Province has experienced the highest rate of changes in terms of national divisions and establishment of political-administrative units compared to other provinces in the country. These transformations have primarily occurred within the Bakhtegan-Tashk Basin. Given the significant implications of changes in national divisions on the local and regional ecosystems, this research aimed to investigate the developments in country divisions within the mentioned basin over the past few decades. Additionally, the study analyzed the impact of these changes on the ecosystem of the Bakhtegan and Tashk lakes. Materials & MethodsThis study adopted a practical research approach with the intention of providing valuable insights for planners and decision-makers. In terms of its qualitative nature and methodology, it was characterized as a descriptive-analytical research study. The primary objective was to examine the impacts of the pattern of country divisions and its associated changes on the Bakhtegan-Tashk Basin. Research FindingsBased on the calculations derived from the provided table, the Bakhtegan-Tashk Basin encompassed 18 cities, 36 districts, and 81 villages. Additionally, the basin was home to approximately 2,400,000 individuals out of the total population of Fars Province in 2015, which stood at 4,851,274. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe findings of this study indicated several key factors that significantly impacted the Bakhtegan-Tashk Basin. The unregulated and haphazard expansions of divisional levels and components within the basin, along with the misalignment of political-administrative boundaries with the basin's natural boundaries, had had adverse consequences. Adoption of sectoral policies at the political-administrative level without considering the ecosystem linkages of the basin had further exacerbated the situation. This had led to intensified competition, hydropolitical tensions, and conflicts at the basin level, hindering the implementation of integrated basin management strategies. Environmental considerations had been largely overlooked, resulting in the obstruction and diversion of natural water flow in the upstream areas, excessive water extraction, environmental pollution, and disruptions in the natural drainage process of Bakhtegan and Tashk lakes. These findings highlighted the urgent need for comprehensive and coordinated measures to address these challenges and ensure sustainable management of the basin's resources.
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