معرفی و متن شناسی معدن الجواهر و بررسی نسخ خطی آن (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
کتاب معدن الجواهر تنها اثرِ در دست از دولت خان طرزی دهلوی، شاعر و نویسنده سرزمین شبه قاره است که در سال های 1024‑1025 ق. تألیف و به جهانگیرشاه گورکانی تقدیم شده است. این کتاب به صورت نسخه های خطی در کتابخانه های جهان نگهداری می شود که از میان آنها سه نسخه در ایران موجود است. مقاله حاضر که به شیوه توصیفی انجام شده است به متن شناسی و معرفی نسخه های خطی معدن الجواهر اختصاص دارد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که این کتاب در هفده باب و به شیوه گلستان سعدی، یعنی نثر آمیخته به نظم، تألیف شده است. کتاب مشتمل بر سی و شش حکایت است و طرزی دهلوی خود را گردآورنده این حکایات می داند، نه خالق آنها. اغلب شواهد شعری کتاب از خود نویسنده است؛ اما به اشعار شاعران دیگر فارسی سرا مثل سعدی، حافظ، نظامی، جامی و دیگران نیز استشهاد شده است. بیشترین اشعار تضمینی کتاب از سعدی است؛ این امر نشان می دهد که طرزی دهلوی علاوه بر اینکه در نثرپردازی به تقلید از گلستان پرداخته، به بوستان سعدی نیز نظر داشته است. کاربرد لغات نادر هندی مثل سُکهپال، موتی، جوگی و غیره، تطبیق صفت و موصوف، واژه سازی و کاربرد افعال در معانی خاص، کاربرد حشو و غیره از ویژگی های سبکی کتاب معدن الجواهر است.Introducing and Analyzing the Text of Ma’dan ol-Javaher and a Review of its Manuscripts
The book Ma’dan ol-Javaher (Mine of Gemes) is the only available work written by Doulat Khan-e Tarzi Dehlavi, a poet and writer in the Indian subcontinent, authored in the years 1024-1025 AH and dedicated to Jahangir Shah Gourkani. This book is being kept in the form of manuscripts with libraries around the world and among them, three manuscripts are available in Iran. The present descriptive study aims to introduce and analyze the text of Ma’dan ol-Javaher. Research findings indicate that the book is composed of seventeen chapters in the same format as Golestan of Saadi, that is a mixture of prose and poetry. The book consists of thirty-six stories, and Tarzi Dehlavi considers himself the compiler of these tales, not the creator of them. Most of the poetic evidence of the book belongs to the author himself, but the verses of other Persian poets such as Saadi, Hafez, Nezami, Jami, and others have also been cited. Most of the poems cited from others belong to Saadi. This shows that Tarzi, in addition to imitating Golestan in his prose, had also an eye on Saadi's Bustan. Employing rare Indian words such as ‘sokhpal’, ‘mooti’, ‘joogi’, etc., agreements of adjectives and adverbs, word formation and the use of verbs in special meanings, the use of redundancy, and the like are among the stylistic features of Ma’dan ol-Javaher.IntroductionDue to the richness of the Persian language and literature, many books in different disciplines have been authored in this language. What remains of such books dating back to the pre-printing era are in the form of manuscripts kept in public or private libraries all over the world. Such manuscripts are considered to be excellent samples of the past generations’ legacy and each of them, in its own right, would mirror in full the cultural, social, historical, political, and even economic circumstances of their respective eras. Therefore, in addition to the preservation of such invaluable treasures, it is necessary to introduce, correct/edit, and revive such works. One of these valuable works of Persian language and literature which is being kept as manuscripts in the libraries and is yet to be edited is the book Ma’dan ol-Javaher. It has been authored by Doulat Khan-e Gowalyari (or Doulat Khan-e Dehlavi), the Persian-speaking astronomer, musician, scholar of strange sciences, writer, and poet of the 11th century AH in the Indian subcontinent, with the pen name ‘Tarzi’. The present research aims to investigate available manuscripts of Ma’dan ol-Javaher as well as analyze the text of that work as one of the Golestan-like books authored in the Indian subcontinent.Materials and MethodsThis research has been conducted through a descriptive study of the available manuscripts of Ma’dan ol-Javaher on the basis of library resources. Three separate manuscripts of the book are currently available in Iranian libraries, including manuscript No. 200 of Ma’soumiyeh Library of Qum, manuscript No. 2118 of the University of Tehran Library, and manuscript No. 42758 of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi Library. In the present research, the manuscript belonging to Ma’soumiyeh Library of Qum has been used as the base version, abbreviated as ‘M’. The poet in question has been introduced based on the biographic works available. For the contrastive comparison of the verses cited in the book from others, the divans and works of the respective poets have been employed. Research FindingsThe book Ma’dan ol-Javaher is the only work at hand by Doulat Khan-e Gowalyari-ye Dehlavi, pen named ‘Mullah Tarzi’ which has been authored in prose combined with poetry. It is an imitation of Golestan of Saadi, written in 1025 AH to be dedicated to Jahangir Shah Gourkani. Among the manuscripts of the book, three volumes are currently available in Iranian libraries. All manuscripts consist of seventeen chapters in addition to a preface and an epilogue. Under each and every chapter specific to certain moral issues, one or more tales have been cited in appropriateness with the chapter topic for a total of 36 tales. Discussion of Results and Conclusions The book Ma’dan ol-Javaher by Mullah Tarzi-e Dehlavi has not been printed yet; it is being kept in the form of manuscripts in libraries in Iran and across the world. Tarzi is not the creator of the tales but has only compiled them from various oral and written resources. He closed each and every tale with a couple of couplets in praise of Jahangir Shah. Imitating Saadi, Tarzi has cited, amid the tales, many verses as evidence from among his own works or from other poets. In the manuscript “T”, verses which are his own have been marked by the expression ‘lejame’ah’. The majority of verses cited from others have been extracted from Saadi’s Golestan and Bustan. In some cases, when the context of a tale necessitates, Tarzi manipulates the cited verses. The text of the book includes also certain rare Indian words as well as special terms and lexical combinations that, all in all, indicate his knowledge of and mastery over various disciplines and his expertise as a skilled writer. In some legends and folkloric tales cited in Ma’dan ol-Javaher, there are also certain themes such as transmogrification, magic, and the like which are rooted in the folklore of the Indian subcontinent.
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