تحلیل مفهوم توکل از نگاه صدرالمتألهین و نسبت آن با مفهوم روان شناختی اعتمادبه نفس (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
با اهمیت آموزه توحید در اندیشه اسلامی، ارجمندی توکل نیز در امتداد آن مطرح می شود. از بین حکمای اسلامی، صدرالمتألهین در نگاهی هماهنگ با وحی، سرشت و درجات توکل را به دقت مطالعه کرده است. با توجه به اینکه گاه درباره چگونگی اجتماع توکل (اعتماد به خدا) با مفهوم روان شناختی اعتمادبه نفس در زیست مؤمنانه، سؤال می شود، در این تحقیق کوشیده شده است تا در روی آوردی توصیفی تحلیلی به آرای ملاصدرا درباره توکل و با بهره مندی از تکنیک ها و ابزارهای موجود در روش های تحلیل اسنادی، به این مهم پاسخ داده شود و در پرتو آن با بازسازی مفهوم اعتمادبه نفس، ابعاد توکل را نیز نمایان تر سازد؛ بنابراین، پرسش اصلی این نوشتار آن است که مختصات توکل در اندیشه ملاصدرا چیست و نسبت آن با مفهوم روان شناختی اعتمادبه نفس کدام است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهند با نظر به اندیشه های ملاصدرا، اعتمادبه نفس را باید با مراتب نازل و متوسط توکل اجتماع پذیر و با مرتبه عالی توکل اجتماع ناپذیر دانست. تبیین درجات توکل، نسبت توکل با کار و تلاش و نیز نسبتش با نظام سبب مسببی، از نتایج دیگر این تحقیق به شمار می رود.Analysis of the Concept of Confidence and Trust in God from Sadrul Matalhin's Point of View and Its Relationship with the Psychological Concept of Self-confidence
The doctrine of monotheism is the most important doctrine that sheds light on all areas of religion, i.e. rulings, morals, and beliefs, at the head of Islamic teachings. Moreover, the importance of the doctrines of confidence and trust should also be seen under the importance and dignity of the doctrine of monotheism because the believer, with trust, considers God to be the only effective force in existence and relies on Him alone in the affairs of his life. This research tries to obtain an accurate reading of the psychological concept of self-confidence by using the descriptive-analytical method and benefiting from the techniques and tools available, after studying the doctrine of confidence from the perspective of Sadrul Matalhin. For the accurate interpretation of confidence and trust from Mullah Sadra's point of view, it is necessary to reveal how it is combined with the psychological concept of self-confidence. Although in psychology, self-confidence is presented in a neutral and unvalued way as an important factor in mental health, with a negative perception of this concept, the sum between self-confidence and trust becomes impossible because such a person, in the chain of causes, does not give dignity to God, and without the need to trust God, sometimes he rules over existence and destiny. However, in the positive perception of the concept of self-confidence, which is close to self-esteem and self-efficacy, Mutawakkul (trustee) sees his capabilities as a tool to get rid of pests such as self-deprecation, weakness, and laziness. However, in the way of matching and summing trust and self-confidence according to Sadra's principles, self-confidence should be considered to be combined only with some levels of trust, and in others it is irrelevant. In other words, in explaining the degrees of trust, Mulla Sadra considers the lowest level of trust to be when the person who trusts in it trusts God like others. Therefore, the justified meaning can be considered for self-confidence. According to Mulla Sadra, the highest degree of trust is the moment when the person trusts in God for all causes. Mulla Sadra's conclusion is that on the one hand, many things in the world arise through mediation; on the other hand, all those means are channels of God. Even though the causes are considered to be causal, they are not given independence to become a force within the divine power. Also, in the negative perception of self-confidence, the sum between self-confidence and trust becomes impossible. Because such a person, in the chain of causes, does not give any dignity to God and does not need to trust God. According to Mulla Sadra's view, self-confidence should be considered a low and medium level of collectable trust. At the highest level of trust, it is no longer possible in the sense of longitudinal causality, numerical causality, or any other meaning.
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