In country of Iran also like developing countries, Excessive concentration of national capital and job opportunities has been Cause of increase urban attractions and the emergence of great migrations from villages, small and medium-sized cities to political and regional centers that have created urban primacy phenomenon and an increase in the number of cities. Regarding the importance of the subject, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and analyzing the urban system of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during the period 1956 to 2016. The research method is based on the applied purpose with descriptive-analytic nature. The statistical population of the research is all 40 urban settlements of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during the period 1956 to 2016. Indicators used in research include urban primacy, urban concentration and balanced distribution and dispersion patterns of urban settlements. In sum, the results of urban primacy evaluation indexes shown that the urban system of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during the period of 1956-2016 is moving towards the imbalance and urban primacy dominance. The results of the Herfindahl Concentration Index show that concentration in the urban system of the province has been decreasing from 1956 to 2016 and is moving toward balance. The results of the class difference method indicate the difference in the population classes of cities over time and increase the distance of the first city of the province from the second city and other cities. The results of the entropy coefficient show the balancing of spatial distribution of population in the urban system of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The result of the analysis of the nearest neighbor also indicates a roughly uniform distribution of the settlements in the province.
