تأثیر عوامل ژئومورفولوژی بر تغذیه ی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت میاندره کرمانشاه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بررسی وضعیت منابع آب زیرزمینی و تعیین عوامل اثرگذار بر روی آن ها از اهمیت شایانی برخوردار است. فرم ها و فرآیندهای ژئومورفولوژیک از جمله عواملی هستند که می توانند بر میزان ذخیره، جهت جریان و کمیت آب زیرزمینی اثر بگذارند. در این پژوهش به منظور استفاده ی صحیح از منابع زیرزمینی اقدام به مطالعه ی پدیده های ژئومورفولوژیکی موجود در دشت و تاثیر این پدیده ها بر روی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت میاندره از جمله دشت های ناودیسی در بخش شمالی استان کرمانشاه شده است. در این پژوهش از روش استنباطی و ت حلیلی وزنی- تجربی استفاده شده است. در روش است نباطی، با است فاده از داده های چاه های پیزومتری، تغییرات سطح آب زیرزمینی دشت میاندره با عناصر ژئومورفولوژیکی دشت، ارزیابی مقایسه ای شده است. در روش دوم با تلفیق نه متغیر: شیب، زمین شناسی، گسل، ژئومورفولوژی، هیپسومتری، کاربری اراضی، فاصله از آبراهه،تراکم زهکشی و خاک در محیطGIS به پهنه بندی حوضه به واحد های هیدروژئومورفولوژی مبادرت گردید. نتایج حاصل از هر دو روش، بیانگر رابطه ی معنادار بین عناصر ژئومورفولوژی و منابع آب زیرزمینی در دشت میاندره بوده در واقع دشت سیلابی و مخروطه افکنه ها بیشترین نقش را در تغذیه ی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت دارد. در مرحله ی دوم، رسوبات دامنه ای و مرحله ی سوم ارتفاعات در ذخیره ی منابع آب زیرزمینی نقش دارد و کمترین اهمیت مربوط به اراضی بدلندی می باشد؛ زیرا این اراضی منابع آب را در سطح جاری می سازد و از نفوذ به درون زمین جلوگیری می کند.The Effect of Geomorphologic Factors on Feeding Underground Water Resources in Kermanshah Meyandareh Plain
Introduction Groundwater resources, due to being sweet and having chemical compounds, fixed temperatures, lower pollution rates, and higher levels of reliability in supplying water resources, are considered as reliable resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In addition, due to the ecological potential of the region, it is an important and effective phenomenon in the economic development, ecological diversity, and community health. Relying on groundwater resources, especially in dry and semi-arid lands, has led many scholars to study how to form or access them. The main objectives of this research are to investigate the effective role of geomorphologic factors in the potential of underground water resources in the region and the possibility of proper management of water resources in the studied basin and to be more knowledgeable about groundwater issues,. Therefore, studying and identifying the hydro geomorphology of the area and the factors affecting the aquifers is essential. The study area is located in the geographical boundary of the west of the country in the northeast hillside of the Zagros range. The area of Meiandareh, with an area of 329 km2, is located in the northern part of Kermanshah Province. Methodology The method used in this research was based on the analytical and weight-empirical analysis carried out in separate steps. First, an inferential method was used to determine the direction and amount of groundwater flow, the role of nutrition of various geomorphological phenomena in the plain, the position of the piezometer wells, and the groundwater level map for the plain. Second, weighing index based on expert opinion and expert of Delphi-completed questionnaire of various weighted layers were used. Finally, the potential of the plain and its favorable regions were studied using the pairwise G.I.S. software. Discussion In the maps of the groundwater level of the plain, it was indicated that while the maximum level in the eastern margin of the eastern part of the region at the beginning of the apple flank was about 25 m, in the boundary of the Ghareh Souz River and flood plains, it was about 3 m. Thus, the groundwater flows from the northern and eastern parts to the central parts and outlet of the basin. Indeed, the farther from the heights, the lower the thickness and the higher the level of the stairway. Therefore, the river is located in the Al-Qaer plain line and plays the role of the drainage of the plain and the outlet of the water of the upper land. In 1382, the water table was the lowest with a depth of 3-16 m. In 2009, however, it was the highest water table with a depth of 3.17-25 m. it was also shown that there was a decline in the amount of the groundwater since 1388 in comparison to 1382 due to harvesting. Conclusion The map obtained from the composition of the layers indicated the importance or weight of each zone in the groundwater potential. The final configuration was divided into three classes with a very suitable, appropriate, and inappropriate potential. Regarding the results and the status of discharge, the eastern and central boundaries of the middle reaches have high potential for the artificial feeding of groundwater. There is also a lower risk for drilling wells. In general, the aquifer of the plain is considered as the limit of humidity and rainfall absorption and water supply required by the middle reaches plain. Physical weathering of the rocks and proper rangeland cover caused plenty of gaps and increased groundwater nutrition in this area. It seems that one of the important reasons for water guidance in the axis of the plain of the navy building and the direction of the slopes of the China's flanks is the drainage of the surface water and the underground water. However, the volume of groundwater in the plain is the only function. The result of the study of water behavior in exploratory and piezoelectric wells has shown that the low drainage density plays the main role in feeding plain in flood plains, coniferous fringes of eastern plains, slopes of 0-2%, and low altitudes. These lands are usually highly influential and because of the fertility and access to surface and underground water resources, the establishment of the demographic and agricultural lands can be seen within them. A significant level of plain lands is flood plain, which plays a very important role in the nutrition of groundwater resources of the plain. According to the maps, the depth of the groundwater level, the main flow of underground water in the plain are from north to south, which indicates that the main river plain in this region plain and evacuates underground water from the area. Sedimentary plain with infiltration infrastructure and young alluvial coverage is the most potential area for water resources in Meiandareh.
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