شناسایی ترکیبات سرکه چوب استحصال شده از پیرولیز چوب به عنوان آفت کش طبیعی
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف از این پژوهش استفاده از ترکیبات طبیعی به جای سموم شیمیایی به عنوان یک عامل دافع و کنترل گر حشرات در حوزه میراث فرهنگی با رویکرد جایگزینی به جای مواد شیمیایی پرخطر باشد در این پژوهش از مواد ضایعات و دور ریز دود ناشی از کوره های تولید زغال استفاده میشود. لذا بدین منظور در این تحقیق آنالیز شیمیایی و ضد میکروبی مواد حاصل از اسانس استخراج شده از دود زغال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. عملیات جمع آوری سرکه چوب با میعان شدن گازهای خروجی دود حاصل از فرایند پیرولیز چوب درختان مرکبات درخت لیمو در فرایند تولید زغال در شمال کشور طی سه مرحله انجام شد. در دوازده ساعت اول فرایند پیرولیز شامل بخارات آب به صورت شفاف و بی رنگ بوده است و مرحله دوم شامل خروج ترکیبات شکسته شده پلیمری و اولیگومری مواد لیگنینی بود که طی زمان بیست ساعت به صورت مایع استحصالی دارای رنگ مایل به قرمز و عمدتا محلول در آب جمع آوری شد. مرحله سوم ترکیبات قیری سیاه مشتمل بر مخلوطی از ترکیبات آلی از مشتقات لیگنینی اولیگومری بوده است. برش اصلی مورد هدف مواد جمع آوری شده در مرحله میانی است که از نظر سمیت برای انسان ایمن است اما این ترکیب بسته به نوع چوب و شرایط کوره با توجه به مقالات مختلف دارای فعالیت ضدمیکروبی و قارچی است. در این بررسی نمونه ترکیب استخراجی برش میانی مربوط به دود حاصل از فرایند پیرولیز با حلال دی کلرومتان استخراج و به دو فاز آلی و آبی تفکیک شد. با انجام آنالیزهای شیمیایی لازم بر روی این مواد استخراجی، وجود ترکیبات الی مختلفی مانند هیدروکربنهای اشباع شده و نشده و نیز ترکیبات آروماتیک نمایان است. در انتها بررسی اثرات ضدمیکروبی این مواد استخراج شده با نمونه قارچ ها و باکترهای در دسترس در آزمایشگاه مورد سنجش اولیه قرار گرفته است.Identification of Wood Vinegar Compounds Extracted from Wood Pyrolysis as a Natural Pesticide
In this research, the chemical and antimicrobial analysis of the essential oil extracted from coal smoke was investigated. The operation of collecting wood vinegar by condensing the smoke exhaust gases resulting from pyrolysis of citrus and lemon trees in the coal production process in the north of the country was carried out in three stages. By performing the necessary chemical analyzes on these extractive materials, the presence of various organic compounds such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds is visible. At the end, checking the anti-micron effects of these extracted substances with samples of fungi and bacteria available in the laboratory has been tested initially. The use of plant compounds, especially plant extracts, is one of the most promising alternatives to chemical pesticides. Plant extracts have a wide range of secondary metabolites that play an important role in plant-pest interactions. which due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties can be considered a suitable alternative in the field of agricultural food and medicine. They are produced from plant or microbial sources that have less risks for the environment and human health and can be used in two ways. The use of natural pesticides as an environmentally friendly approach in preserving cultural heritage can be considered as an innovation in this field. be considered Essential oils such as peppermint oil, rosemary oil and other oils with antimicrobial and sunscreen properties can be used to preserve cultural works against the growth of microbes and insect spawning. It is important that when using natural pesticides to preserve cultural works, it is important to be careful and know the characteristics of each substance and how to use them correctly to ensure of prevent any damage to cultural historical monuments. The wood species considered for the preparation of vinegar was lemon tree from the north of the country. The organic solvents used in the extraction process were dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, diethyl chloroform, and THF, which were obtained from the Indian company
Loba Chem. The devices used in this research are NMR, FTIRGC-Mass and TLC.
Microbial tests are performed with two types of strains. The fungus was Spexillus niger and Penicillium. In this experiment, the pyrolysis process of lemon tree wood has been tested in the coal production furnace in the north of the country. During the entire production process, a batch of production was carried out in a controlled manner. The wood was collected with three different cuts. The first cut was watery and transparent, which was not the target of the study. The middle cut was the target composition that was collected. It is mainly composed of organic materials and its investigation is not included in this project. The composition of the red colored liquid of the wood extracted from the middle section was transferred to the laboratory in the next step with organic solvents such as dichloromethane and other pairs of organic solvents into two phases. Aqueous and organic were purified and separated. After that each of the extracted phases have been subjected to necessary chemical and microbial analyses. The use of extractive materials of natural compounds is of particular importance due to its environmental friendliness. Essential oils and plant extracts can be used as natural and safe pesticides. Since ancient
times, producing charcoal from wood as a heat source has been a very common method. However, the extraction and burning of coal smoke has not been addressed until many applications of coal smoke have been reported in the present era. The use of essential oil from coal smoke in agricultural industries is also possible because it can be used as a fertilizer due to the rich source of organic carbon. However, in many articles, this essential oil has been mentioned as a control agent for biological and anti-fungal and bacterial agents. Based on this, the current research has been designed to extract aromatic and essential oils with a natural base, especially from waste materials such as charcoal smoke, which is a valuable branch in the direction of extracting and using biocompatible materials to control fungal and microbial factors in the field of heritage. Based on the investigations and the results of chemical and analytical analyzes as well as microbial tests, the targeted essential oil (from lemon tree charcoal) has aliphatic and aromatic compounds that are effective
in controlling microbial agents. The effectiveness of this test is different for different types of wood and different microbial strains. Depending on the concentration of the extracted smoke sample, different results will be output. It is likely that charcoal essential oil is more effective at higher concentrations and should be tested.
Wood Pyrolysis,Wood Vinegar,Isolation,GC-Mass Analysis,Antimicrobial Properties,
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