تبیین عوامل مؤثر بر محاکات با تأکید بر دیدگاه ملاصدرا
آرشیو
چکیده
محاکات از دوران یونان باستان تا کنون مورد توجه فلاسفه بوده و از میان فیلسوفان اسلامی، ملاصدرا نیز به مسئله محاکات و نسبت آن با قوه متخیله پرداخته است. این قوه، ادراکات کلی قوه عاقله را به امور جزئی تبدیل و تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلف به محاکات صور می پردازد. در این پژوهش با بررسی اسناد و به شیوه توصیفی-تحلیلی به چیستی و تبیین عوامل و زمینه های موثر بر قوه متخیله در دیدگاه ملاصدرا پرداخته شده است. یافته های پژوهش آن است که محاکات، تحت تأثیر عواملی چون، تعدیل قوای نفس؛ ضعف و قوت نفس؛ مزاج و تغذیه است؛ این عوامل در نسبت باهم و درهم تنیده هستند. به این معنا که تغذیه، دارای نسبت خاصی با بدن است و بدن با نفس متحد است؛ براساس این اصل کلی که «حکم یکی از متحدین به دیگری سرایت می کند»، پس تغذیه، دارای نسبت خاصی با نفس است؛ از یک طرف، نفس در پیدایش مزاج، مؤثر است و از سویی دیگر، تغذیه در پیدایش مزاج، مؤثر است و مزاج نیز در پیدایش، تقویت و تضعیف کیفیّات نفسانی اثرگذار است. لذا، اعتدال در کیفیات نفسانی، نقش ویژه ای در سلامت روح و جسم و به تَبَع آن تعادل مزاج دارد و تمام قوا و افعال نفس را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد و مزاج و اعتدال آن، بر کیفیت، قوّت و ضعف نفس و محاکات آن مؤثر است.Explanation of the factors affecting simulations in Mulla Sadra's view
Simulations have been the focus of philosophers since the time of ancient Greece, and among the Islamic philosophers, Mulla Sadra has also addressed the issue of simulations and its relationship with the power of imagination. This faculty transforms the general perceptions of the intellectual faculty into minor matters and simulates forms under the influence of various factors. In this research, by examining the documents and in a descriptive-analytical way, the nature and explanation of the factors and fields affecting the power of imagination in Mulla Sadra's point of view have been discussed. The findings of the research are that simulations, under the influence of factors such as self-regulation; Weakness and strength of soul; temperament and nutrition; These factors are intertwined. The argument of the article is that nutrition has a special relationship with the body and because the body is united with the soul; Based on this general principle that "the ruling of one of the allies spreads to the other", then nutrition has a special relationship with the soul (has an effect). Breath is effective in the origin of temperament, so nutrition is effective in the origin of temperament. Nutrition is closely related to temperament, and temperament is also effective in the emergence, strengthening and weakening of emotional qualities. Therefore, d; Its temperament and moderation have an effect on the quality of the soul, and as a result, it has an effect on the strength and weakness of the emotions; Because simulations are the work of imagination.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Mulla Sadra expresses his point of view on the issue of simulations and imagination, while expressing criticisms. He has used imagination in its three meanings; When he examines the soul in the order of senses and sensations, like Farabi, he places the power of imagination as one of the powers of the soul in the ranks of other sensual powers and calls it as "the power of imagination"; However, on the contrary, Farabi places the task of preserving imaginary images on the "illusory power" as the treasury of imagination of the soul. One of the functions of imagination is simulation.
This research was carried out by the method of library study and its main sources are referring to the many written works of Mulla Sadra. Then, in an analytical-descriptive way, the subject has been explained and investigated based on the data obtained with a philosophical approach. Finally, the causes and factors affecting the strengthening and weakening of the power of imagination in Mulla Sadra's view have been explained and investigated.
The relationship and intertwining of the factors affecting the simulation of the power of imagination, emphasizing the point of view of Mulla Sadra, is an issue that this article seeks to address and explain. The relationship between the soul, temperament and nutrition and their effects on each other and finally on simulations is the most important innovation in this article, which has caused it to be addressed.
Methods
In this research, by examining the documents and in a descriptive-analytical way, the nature and explanation of the factors and contexts affecting the power of imagination have been discussed with an emphasis on Mulla Sadra's point of view.
Findings
The findings of the research are that simulations are influenced by factors such as:
1) Adjustment of ego. 2) Weakness of breath. 3) Temperament. 4) Nutrition. These factors are intertwined. In the sense that nutrition has a special relationship with the body and the body is united with the soul. Therefore, moderation in emotional qualities has a special role in the health of the soul and body and, as a consequence, the balance of temperament, and it affects all the powers and actions of the soul, and its temperament and moderation are effective on its simulations.
Conclusion
Therefore, according to the discussion, the following results can be formulated
-Adjusting the powers of the soul: excessive attention to lusts is the reason for moving away from the truth. Adjustment of forces requires a comprehensive plan. Therefore, the existence of religion and divine ritual becomes necessary; Because man has many powers and talents.
-The strength and weakness of the soul: Mulla Sadra believes that the reason for the simulations is that the human soul sometimes receives a strong perception of a particular matter, so the same thing that is perceived remains in the memory, and sometimes the soul perceives the intellectual matter in a weak way. does, in this case he tells it in a perceptible and suitable way.
-Temperament: According to Mulla Sadra, Temperament is a simple quality that is the result of fraction and refraction and conflict of the four elements, until reaching the limit of moderation, and one of the reasons for strengthening the imagination is the body's temperament; The closer the temperament of the body and the composition of the body's elements are to moderation, the more exalted the soul is. Strong ego has strong simulations
-In Iranian medicine, nutrition has a special relationship with the body and because the body is united with the soul; So nutrition is effective on the ego, and the ego is effective in the emergence of temperament, therefore, nutrition is effective in the emergence of temperament. For this reason, nutrition is closely related to temperament. Therefore, nutrition is effective in the emergence of temperament and temperament is effective in the emergence, strengthening and weakening of psychological qualities, as a result, nutrition is effective in the emergence, weakening and strengthening of psychological qualities.
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