مختصات روش شناسی حکمت متعالیه
آرشیو
چکیده
فهم حکمت متعالیه و تحقیق در آن به عنوان دستگاهی نظام مند در فلسفۀ اسلامی و تبیین نوع پژوهش انجام شده در عرصه های مختلف آن، نیازمند توجه به مبانی و نوع روش شناسی حاکم در آن است تا مطالب مختلفی که در آن عرضه شده به خوبی فهم شود. متن دینی و حقایق شهودی در حکمت متعالیه حضور پر رنگی دارند. در جهت دفع و رفع شبهات و تبیین این حضور در ضمن بیان روش شناسی حکمت متعالیه، ظرفیت ها و بالندگی این فلسفه در جهت تحقیقات فلسفی اسلامی آشکار می شود. حکمت متعالیه، رابطۀ منسجم فلسفه با دین و عرفان را تشریح می کند که تبیین فلسفی روش شناسی آن می تواند به عنوان الگویی کلان در جهت بسط و تعمیق تحقیقات علوم دینی مرتبط، مورد توجه قرار گیرد. از این رو در ضمن تبیین روش شناسی حکمت متعالیه، به چیستی و مبانی روش خاص این حکمت؛ یعنی روش اشراقی-بحثی پرداخته شده که در آن، میان شهود و عقل جمع شده است. همچنین به تبیین روش عام این حکمت؛ یعنی ماهیت و مبانی بهره گیری ملاصدرا از متون دینی و عرفان نظری در حکمت متعالیه پرداخته شده است و در آخر به برخی از ثمرات بکارگیری این روش تحقیقی در فلسفه، اشاره شده است.Characteristics of the Methodology of the Transcendental Philosophy
Understanding the Transcendental Philosophy and researching it as a systematic system in Islamic philosophy and explaining the type of research done in its different fields, requires attention to the foundations and the type of methodology that prevails in it so that the various contents presented in it can be well understood. In order to eliminate doubts and explain this presence, while expressing the methodology of the Transcendental Philosophy, the capacities and growth of this philosophy in the direction of Islamic philosophical research are revealed. The Transcendental Philosophy describes the coherent relationship between philosophy and religion and mysticism, whose philosophical explanation of methodology can be considered as a macro model for expanding and deepening the research of related religious knowledge. Therefore, while explaining the methodology of the Transcendental Philosophy, the nature and foundations of the special method of this philosophy, that is, the illuminating-discussion method is discussed in which intuition and reason are gathered. Also, to explain the general method of this philosophy, that is, the nature and foundations of Mulla Sadra’s use of religious texts and theoretical mysticism in the Transcendental Philosophy have been discussed. Extended Abstract Introduction Undoubtedly, a correct understanding of the methodology of each science in entering the science and dealing with its problems and examining the type of research conducted around its problems is very beneficial for a researcher in a science; This is also true about philosophy and the Transcendental Philosophy. The research method in different scientific subjects has a lot of influence on how to solve the problems of a science and can cause different problems in a science. Understanding the methodology of the Transcendental Philosophy due to the type of content presentation that is often intuitive; Religious texts and mystical texts are also seen in it, they are of special importance, because presenting the material in this way puts the researcher in the Transcendental Philosophy in the face of important questions, the most basic of which is the relationship between the philosophy of the Transcendental Philosophy and intuition and narration in this philosophy. Therefore, the current research tries to answer the question of how to explain the methodology of the Transcendental Philosophy to a correct explanation of the combination between intuition and reason "special method" and describe Mullah Sadra’s method of using religious texts and theoretical mysticism "general method" in the Transcendental Philosophy and drew some benefits of this methodology. The importance and necessity of dealing with this issue is that if the correct explanation of the methodology of the Transcendental Philosophy is not provided, the researcher in this philosophy will not have a correct understanding of its content. This has led to incorrect perceptions and judgments about the Transcendental Philosophy and the use of intuition, the religious text and the mystical content in this philosophy will violate its philosophical identity. Method This article, while explaining the methodology of the Transcendental Philosophy, it deals with the nature and foundations of the special method of this philosophy, i.e. the illuminating-discussive method in which intuition and reason are gathered. Findings It is possible to evaluate the identity of the illuminative-discussive method and the Transcendental Philosophy and its distinction from the mere discursive method in two directions: one characteristic is the direction of the special method of the Transcendental Philosophy, which uses enlightened reason in the capacity of philosophizing and thinking (not presenting proofs Philosophical) by expanding his field of thought, he also uses superior intuitive truths in the form of a proof and provides a philosophical explanation. Another characteristic is from the general method used in the Transcendental Philosophy, that in the capacity of intellectual investigations and information gathering in order to pay attention to what they have explained about religious and mystical ontology in religious texts and theoretical mysticism, the enlightened philosopher of authority in ontology and discovery find dimensions of reality that mere philosophical reason does not have the possibility of increasing knowledge and authority in increasing knowledge in this way. The Transcendental Philosophy describes the coherent relationship between philosophy and religion and mysticism, whose philosophical explanation of methodology can be considered as a macro model for expanding and deepening the research of related religious knowledge. Therefore, while explaining the methodology of the Transcendental Philosophy, the nature and foundations of the special method of this philosophy, that is, the illuminating-discussion method is discussed in which intuition and reason are gathered. Also, to explain the general method of this philosophy, that is, the nature and foundations of Mulla Sadra’s use of religious texts and theoretical mysticism in the Transcendental Philosophy have been discussed. Conclusion According to this paper, the Transcendental Philosophy with the illuminating-discussion method can be considered a superior ontology compared to a philosophy that does not benefit from illuminating reason in its thinking and does not pay enough attention to superior sources of knowledge. With the explanation presented, the method of the Transcendental Philosophy can also show the realization and development of Islamic and Shiite philosophy. Also, this method can be used as a research method in related religious sciences and in this way it adds to the richness of these sciences. * Teacher of Advanced Level of Qom Seminary (Corresponding author). E-mail: ha60.abbasi@gmail.com ** Professor at “The Mystics Department” of Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute. E-mail: yazdanpanah.sayed@gmail.com Received date: 2023.08.08 Accepted date: 2023.09.27 us texts and intuitive truths have a prominent presence in transcendental wisdom. In order to eliminate doubts and explain this presence, while expressing the methodology of transcendental wisdom, the capacities and growth of this philosophy in the direction of Islamic philosophical research are revealed. Sublime wisdom describes the coherent relationship between philosophy and religion and mysticism, whose philosophical explanation of methodology can be considered as a macro model for expanding and deepening the research of related religious sciences. Therefore, while explaining the methodology of transcendental wisdom, the nature and foundations of the special method of this wisdom; That is, the illuminating-discussion method is discussed in which intuition and reason are gathered. Also, to explain the general method of this wisdom; That is, the nature and foundations of Mulla Sadra's use of religious texts and theoretical mysticism in transcendental wisdom have been discussed, and finally, some of the fruits of using this research method in philosophy have been pointed out.
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