واکاوی خانه های سنتی شهر همدان با روش نشانه شناسی لایه ای
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه با توجه به اهمیت جایگاه معانی، طراح معماری باید بداند آنچه که خلق می کند از طریق چه سازوکاری نزد مردم معنی و تفسیر می شود. خانه نیز در ساختارهای معماری به دنیای مفاهیم و معانی تعلق دارد. در این پژوهش از میان رویکردهای مختلفی که به بررسی معنای خانه پرداخته اند، رویکرد علوم اجتماعی که بیشتر به جنبه های فرهنگی و اجتماعی خانه توجه دارد انتخاب شده است. در این رویکرد یکی از روش هایی که از آن در جهت بررسی خانه می توان بهره گرفت روش نشانه شناسی است. نشانه شناسی در حوزه معماری می تواند به شناخت فرایند معنی از سوی مردم، جنبه ای آگاهانه ببخشد، از این رو پژوهش حاضر به دنبال تبیین و خوانش عناصر معماری خانه بر اساس نظریات نشانه شناسی است. نشانه شناسی یکی از روش های واکاوی متن، در جست وجوی معانی پنهان و ضمنی است. همچنین این پژوهش به لحاظ نتایج نیز از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی است. هدف این پژوهش بررسی مؤلفه های اثرگذار در ایجاد معنا در خانه سنتی شهری و تدوین مدل مفهومی برای خوانش مناسب متنِ خانه با روش نشانه شناسی لایه ای است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که خانه متنی است که از مجموعه لایه های متعدد معنایی و نظام های درگیر در بنا که پشتیبانی کننده یکدیگر و اثرگذار بر هم هستند و یک کلیت نظام مند به نام خانه را به وجود می آورند.Analyzing the traditional houses of Hamadan city with the method of layered semiotics
With the importance of finding language in postmodern theories, architecture has been seen as a text. A text that conveys a set of values, thoughts and traditions along with it and has a language behind its curtain that talks to the audience and the audience tries to read its meaning and interpretation. Meaning is one of the most important topics that has been the subject of many researches in the fields of psychology, sociology, architecture, urban planning and landscape design, so that in the field of architecture, the place of meanings and the transfer of concepts in terms of extent and size, Form and function have been important. Today, with the emergence of the phenomenon of globalization, changes have occurred in cultural-social, political and economic fields, the most important of which is the cultural crisis and the crisis of identity and meaning. This has also caused the negation of the language of architecture in modern architecture, a language that has evolved along with other aspects of human civilization during history, and the modern architecture movement has turned away from it, as if it has reduced the vocabulary of architectural language to visual basic elements. The house has a special place in architectural structures. The interior mood of every house is like a way of speaking. Unfortunately, nowadays, with the advent of modernity and industrialization of societies, the house is viewed as a means of temporary work, and this has caused the house to take on a new meaning. In Iranian culture, "home" has been a place to manifest spiritual and cultural values and a direct manifestation of the way of life and maintaining the family. As an important part of the architecture of the past, the traditional houses of Iran, taking into account the human needs, the location of its components has a meaning and concept for its users, and the impact of the meaning can be clearly seen, which makes the house more valuable. you will Among the different approaches to investigate the meaning of home, the four main approaches are judgmental phenomenology, environmental psychology, and social science approach. From the point of view of social sciences, which is more concerned with the cultural and social aspects of the house. In this approach, one of the methods that can be used to inspect the house is the semiotics method. The method of semiotics is one of the methods of examining meaning. Semiotics, as one of the methods of text analysis, seeks to analyze texts in terms of structured wholes and in search of hidden and implied meanings. In this research, architecture is understood as a text that consists of multiple layers, these layers are connected with each other in a systematic and process way, and from their coexistence, an integrated entity called architectural text is born. Semiotics recognizes the layers and sub-layers of the design through a sign in the design and makes it possible to read the design. Semiotics in the field of architecture can give a conscious aspect to people's recognition of the process of meaning. The architectural designer must know what he creates is interpreted and interpreted by the people. This awareness is in the stage of knowing about the environment and people's reaction to the architectural spaces, and during the design, it helps and guides the designer. Although the meaning forms only one layer of the experience of space and may not even be understood by people, but by mastering and being aware of people's mental interpretation, the designer can prevent the creation of unwanted and sometimes undesirable connotations in the urban environment.
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