تبیین سازوکارهای شاخص های پایداری در معماری کوچ (مطالعه موردی: کوچ نشینان بختیاری ایران)
آرشیو
چکیده
این مقاله شامل بررسی مفهوم توسعه پایدار در حوزه معماری و شواهدی از سازگاری انسان با محیط زیست و مولفه های فرهنگی و جغرافیایی سبک های بومی شده زندگی اقوام کوچ نشین است. تمرکز و کانون توجه به معماری جوامع کوچ نشین به عنوان نمونه ای کامل از شیوه سازگار زندگی با جغرافیای طبیعی محیط پیرامون است. توسعه جهان و ارتباطات از یک سو موجب یکسانی زندگی، بدون توجه به فرهنگ، جغرافیا، حوزه تمدن و سایر مولفه های موثر بر شکل گیری سبک های زندگی بومی شده و از سوی دیگر یک خطر جدی برای محیط زیست و منابع تجدید ناپذیر به شمار می رود. از این رو پرداختن به مؤلفه های پایداری و سبک های زندگی بومی در جهت دستیابی به معماری پایدار و متعاقباً توسعه پایدار امری ضروری است. لذا سوال اصلی که در این تحقیق مطرح شده این است که ابعاد پایداری در زندگی و مسکن کوچ نشینان کدامند؟ در این تحقیق سعی شده است با استفاده از روش کتابخانه ای و مطالعات میدانی، مسکن عشایر بختیاری و سبک زندگی کوچ نشینان را مورد بررسی قرار داده و در نهایت به معرفی شاخص های پایداری موجود در زندگی آن ها پرداخته شود. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آنست که شاخص های پایداری در زندگی کوچ نشینان شامل مؤلفه های زیست محیطی ، اجتماعی و اقتصادی است و انطباق با طبیعت و نحوه ساخت و برپا نمودن سیاه چادر حاکی از آن است که عشایر در نهایت هم زیستی با طبیعت در مواجهه با اصول پایداری قدم برداشته اند.Explaining the Mechanisms of Sustainability Indicators in Nomad Architecture (Case study: Bakhtiari Nomads of Iran)
This article includes a study of the sustainable concept in the field of architecture and evidence of human adaptation to the environment and the cultural and geographical components of indigenous lifestyles of nomadic tribes. The focus is on the architecture of nomadic communities as a perfect example of a way of life that is compatible with the natural geography of the environment. The development of the world and communications, on the one hand, lead to a uniform life, regardless of culture, geography, civilization, and other factors influencing the formation of indigenous lifestyles, and on the other hand, a serious threat to the environment and non-renewable resources. It counts. Therefore, addressing the components of sustainability and indigenous lifestyles in order to achieve sustainable architecture and subsequent sustainable development is essential. Therefore, the main question raised in this research is what are the dimensions of sustainability in the life and housing of nomads? This research examines the characteristics of nomadic settlements and their way of life through field observations and library studies, and by adapting these characteristics to sustainability criteria, studies the impact of each of these characteristics on sustainable development. In this research, first Bakhtiari nomads of Khuzestan province are studied as an example of nomadic society, then the definitions and indicators of sustainable development are studied and finally the sustainable components of nomadic life are introduced. The obtained results indicate that the indicators of sustainability in the life of nomads include environmental, social and economic components. Sustainable architecture is not a transient hobby and concept that includes only momentary emotions, but in its depth is a wise view that tries to connect nature, culture and architecture, which of course requires sustainability and value creation. Architecture and sustainable design in their native and traditional forms, such as the black tent used between nomadic tribes, etc. are examples of sustainable settlement design that has emerged to adapt to nature and efficiency in the face of nomadic lifestyles and in forms. Its variety has been developed. Nomadic housing or the black tent can be called a sustainable building. The nomads have special dwellings by nature and biological necessities that are designed in accordance with the climate and conditions of nomadism. This lightweight and portable structure has been used for centuries as the best shelter for nomads due to its ease of erection with minimal cost, very high efficiency and its high adaptation to climatic conditions. Therefore, the study of nomadic life indicates that the nomadic settlement system as a dynamic and flexible system is in harmony with the geographical conditions and the surrounding environment. An overview of the architecture of temporary nomadic settlements (black tents) in the past shows greater productivity. This system is made from cheap and clean energy sources . Adaptation to nature and the way black tents are built and set up indicate that the nomads have finally coexisted with nature in the face of the principles of sustainability.
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