Meccan Period

The present study aims to examine and analyze the Surahs al-Furqān and Fāṭir according to their order of revelation to determine how the order of revelation and the historical context affect the conceptual appropriateness of the Surahs. To this aim, a discourse analysis method with a descriptive-analytical approach was employed. After gathering information about Surahs al-Furqān and Fāṭir and understanding their historical contexts, we explored their conceptual units under the themes of: The Quran, Jihad, polytheists, disbelievers, and how these themes manifested during that time period. The results indicated that the order of revelation plays a significant role in uncovering the themes and content of Surahs al-Furqān and Fāṭir. It was discovered that, according to the order of revelation, the Quran's stance toward the polytheists of Quraysh and the Jews of Mecca in both Surahs, during the years 6 and 7 of the prophethood, was wise and pedagogical. However, in line with the social conditions of the polytheists and disbelievers in Mecca, there was an effort during a certain period, through the verses of Surah al-Furqān, to convey the guiding themes of the Quran with persuasive actions and soft language. The intensification of mockery from these groups in the subsequent revelation of Surah Fāṭir transformed the discourse of the Quran into declarative and harsh actions.