Vulnerability Assessment

The transportation networks analysis aims to investigate the system's structural characteristics and dynamical evolution to evaluate the transit services. In this regard, the topological characteristics of the Iran railway network have been studied and compared to two well-studied railway networks, China and Spain. Also, the network vulnerability to station failures has been studied based on different attacks. Accordingly, in the first step of this work, the city stations have been extracted from Iran railway information to construct the network. Then, some structural properties, including the degree distribution, betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient, and distance distribution, have been analyzed for three networks. Finally, the network reliability has been evaluated using a random as well as adversarial attack. The structural analysis reveals that the Iran railway network would require some structural optimization to improve the economic benefits. Based on the vulnerability investigation, the network efficiency of the network will be dropped more quickly utilizing the maximum betweenness attack. In addition, as it were, little parts of the network seem to keep their usefulness as the estimate of the giant component is diminished exceptionally strongly when less than 20% of nodes are expelled from the network haphazardly or intentioned.

INTRODUCTION: The buildings, as the main and most abundant elements in cities, have great importance in two aspects of assessing and mitigating the vulnerability at disaster incidence. On the other hand, the emphasis of post disaster reconstruction engineers on the single-scale building has compounded the importance of building in terms of planning to reduce the damages of disaster incidence. METHODS: This quantitative-descriptive study was conducted documentary studies and extraction of priority indicators determining the degree of vulnerability. This research aimed to assess the vulnerability of Qadghoon buildings, one of the historical neighborhoods of Borujerd, Lorestan Province, Iran, which was damaged and reconstructed after the 2007 earthquake, for more than a decade. FINDINGS: The data obtained from the field study of this neighborhood were analyzed after entering into GIS software and weighted by Analytic Hierarchy Process-Delphi. The provided maps were evaluated and the vulnerability score obtained from indicators was weighted by the above method. Finally, the score of vulnerabilities in neighborhoods in the range of 0-5 Likert scale was calculated at 3.5208, which indicated a moderate increase in vulnerability. CONCLUSION: After the examination of actions taken in the post-earthquake reconstruction process, reduction of vulnerability evaluation was low. This result indicated the failure of operators to reduce the vulnerability on a scale of buildings, despite the large opportunities and resources. In addition to lessons from the present study, some suggestions were provided to improve the process of reconstruction after possible disasters in the future. Keywords: Borujerd; Earthquake; Qadghoon Neighborhood; Single-scale of Building; Vulnerability Assessment.