AHP Method

INTRODUCTION: Landslides are one of the recurrent natural problems that are widespread throughout the world, especially in mountainous areas, and cause a significant injury to and loss of human life and damage to properties and infrastructures. This study aimed to assess landslide susceptibility using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in Binalood Mountains, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. METHODS: Since the Binalood Mountains range has a high potential for landslides occurrence, the present study went through to map landslide susceptibility. To accomplish this, the AHP method was used, and then, receiver operating characteristic/area under the curves (AUCs) were prepared to evaluate the performance of the susceptibility map. Multiple data, such as lithology, distance to faults, land use, distance to roads, altitude, slope, aspect, stream power index, topographic wetness index, rainfall, distance from rivers, slope length index, and topographic location index, were considered for delineating the landslide susceptibility maps. These thematic layers were assigned suitable weights on the Saaty's scale according to their relative importance in landslide occurrence in the study area. The assigned weights of the thematic layers and their features were subsequently normalized using the AHP technique. Finally, all thematic layers were integrated by a weighted linear combination method in a geographic information system tool to generate landslide susceptibility maps. FINDINGS: The landslide susceptibility maps are split into five classes, namely very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The results showed that the geological factor was the most important factor affecting the occurrence of landslides in the study area. Generally, 47.8% of the total area was considered high and very high-risk areas. The prediction accuracy of this map showed the values of AUC equal to 81.7% that showed the AHP model had very good accuracy. CONCLUSION: Overall, AHP is acceptable for landslide susceptibility mapping in the study area. A landslide susceptibility map is a useful tool to help with land management in landslide-prone areas. The results revealed that the predicted susceptibility levels were found to be in good agreement with the past landslide occurrences. Possibly, this map can be used by the concerned authorities in disaster management planning to prepare rescue routes, service centers, and shelters.

Tourism is the driving force behind economic development. This industry is the most incredible and widespread service industry in the world in terms of economic, social, cultural and political affairs. The garden of Qazvin city from the historic cities and a hundered years old Iranian capital of the Safavid era as the center of the province with unique monuments (works of the Sassanid to Pahlavi periods), the cultural (calligraphic capital of Iran) and natural (Alamut area with geotouristic capabilities) Is a beautiful and tourism city in our country. The aim of this research is to evaluate the tourism sites of Qazvin city using urban tourism criteria for introducing tourism markets. The research methodology is a descriptive-analytical type that, after the preliminary studies of thirteen sites based on selected criteria, is selected through eleven tourism criteria, including distance from communication routes, hotels, urban squares, community spaces, terminals, number of tourists, The variety of attractions, the level of attractiveness, the level of advertising and services, the number of points of view and the difference of vision, was evaluated. These criteria were weighed through the AHP hierarchy method and, in combination with the information of each site, for each criterion, was determined by the Copras decision method and the final value of each site. The results of the research showed that the sites, the Chehelsotun Museum Palace, Saad al-Saltanah Palace, Head on top of the Qapo, Atiq Jamaat Mosque are the best and most prestigious sites in the planning process.