علیرضا جوشن

Smart cities leverage advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and automation systems to enhance the quality of life, improve resource efficiency, and reduce operational costs. Effective management of critical infrastructures, including power and energy networks, intelligent transportation, urban services, and data security, remains a significant challenge in the development of these cities. Artificial Intelligence (AI), with its extensive capabilities in big data analysis, energy consumption forecasting, power distribution optimization, and intelligent transportation management, plays a pivotal role in facilitating decision-making processes and enhancing the efficiency of urban systems. Meanwhile, blockchain technology provides a decentralized infrastructure, ensuring transaction transparency and enabling the execution of smart contracts, thereby guaranteeing security and trust in energy data and urban service management. This paper presents a comprehensive review of AI and blockchain applications in power systems and smart cities, analyzing their benefits and limitations, and identifying future research directions. The findings indicate that integrating these emerging technologies can substantially improve network efficiency, reduce operational costs, enhance security, and support sustainable energy management, ultimately contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals in smart cities. Additionally, challenges related to scalability, interoperability between technologies, and legal and regulatory issues are discussed to provide a clear outlook for future research endeavors.

Industry 5.0 envisions a transformative industrial paradigm that goes beyond mere automation, emphasizing human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience. The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Blockchain forms a powerful technological foundation to achieve this vision, enabling intelligent, interconnected, and secure industrial operations. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive conceptual architecture for integrating these three technologies, facilitating seamless interaction between humans, machines, and decentralized systems. We conduct a systematic review of the existing literature, examining design patterns, practical use cases, adoption barriers, and key challenges. Additionally, we analyze real-world industrial implementations to extract insights, lessons learned, and best practices. Our findings highlight critical technical, governance, and scalability issues, including interoperability, data privacy, regulatory compliance, and infrastructure limitations. To address these challenges, we present a multiphase strategic roadmap for the deployment and adoption of AI–IoT–Blockchain convergence in human-centric industrial environments. Finally, we discuss emerging research directions, such as post-quantum blockchains, federated learning, autonomous economic agents, and resilient cyber-physical systems. Our analysis indicates that while the convergence of these technologies holds transformative potential for Industry 5.0, practical and scalable adoption requires careful system design, iterative prototyping, and robust policy frameworks. This study provides a structured reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to advance human-centric, sustainable, and technologically empowered industrial systems.