حفاظت از میراث سبز در شهرهای کویری با انتقال حق توسعه (TDR) از محلات روستابنیان (مورد مطالعه: محله آبشاهی شهر یزد) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
افزایش جمعیت شهرها نیاز به استفاده از زمین شهری را مضاعف کرده و در پی آن گسترش افقی شهرها منجر به ادغام روستاهای اطراف در محدوده شهری و ایجاد عرصه های روستا-شهری شده که مملو از اغتشاش در کالبد، روابط اجتماعی و مسائل اقتصادی بوده است و در نهایت، دچار مسائل و تضادها بین مناطق شهری و روستایی شده است. محققان در پژوهش حاضر در پی آن هستند که با ارائه الگوی انتقال حق توسعه از عرصه های روستا-شهری به مناطق دیگر شهر که پتانسیل های توسعه را دارند، همراه با بارگذاری مناسب تراکم در این عرصه ها از اراضی کشاورزی و باغی و اراضی تاریخی_ فرهنگی در این عرصه ها حفاظت کنند. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و با هدف حفاظت از اراضی باارزش محله آبشاهی یزد با استفاده از روش توصیفی و برمبنای مطالعات اسنادی انجام شده است. معیارهای تعیین مناطق ارسال و دریافت با استفاده از اسناد کتابخانه ای و مصاحبه با کارشناسان شناسایی و وزن دهی و سپس اهمیت معیارهای مشخص با آزمون فریدمن در نرم افزارSPSS و با روی هم گذاری اطلاعات در GIS اراضی ارسال و دریافت در انتقال حق توسعه مشخص شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که در بین 20 شاخص براساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای و اسنادی 7 شاخص اهمیت بیشتری دارد که شاخص های با اولویت در مناطق ارسال حق توسعه شامل برخورداری از اراضی کشاورزی، اراضی تاریخی و مساحت کاربری های حفاظتی و شاخص های مناطق دریافت شامل اراضی بایر، تراکم جمعیتی و ساختمانی مجاز است. افزایش جمعیت شهرها نیاز به استفاده از زمین شهری را مضاعف کرده و در پی آن گسترش افقی شهرها منجر به ادغام روستاهای اطراف در محدوده شهری و ایجاد عرصه های روستا-شهری شده که مملو از اغتشاش در کالبد، روابط اجتماعی و مسائل اقتصادی بوده است و در نهایت، دچار مسائل و تضادها بین مناطق شهری و روستایی شده است. محققان در پژوهش حاضر در پی آن هستند که با ارائه الگوی انتقال حق توسعه از عرصه های روستا-شهری به مناطق دیگر شهر که پتانسیل های توسعه را دارند، همراه با بارگذاری مناسب تراکم در این عرصه ها از اراضی کشاورزی و باغی و اراضی تاریخی_ فرهنگی در این عرصه ها حفاظت کنند. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و با هدف حفاظت از اراضی باارزش محله آبشاهی یزد با استفاده از روش توصیفی و برمبنای مطالعات اسنادی انجام شده است. معیارهای تعیین مناطق ارسال و دریافت با استفاده از اسناد کتابخانه ای و مصاحبه با کارشناسان شناسایی و وزن دهی و سپس اهمیت معیارهای مشخص با آزمون فریدمن در نرم افزارSPSS و با روی هم گذاری اطلاعات در GIS اراضی ارسال و دریافت در انتقال حق توسعه مشخص شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که در بین 20 شاخص براساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای و اسنادی 7 شاخص اهمیت بیشتری دارد که شاخص های با اولویت در مناطق ارسال حق توسعه شامل برخورداری از اراضی کشاورزی، اراضی تاریخی و مساحت کاربری های حفاظتی و شاخص های مناطق دریافت شامل اراضی بایر، تراکم جمعیتی و ساختمانی مجاز است.Protection of Green Heritage in Desert Cities via Transfer of Development Right (TDR) from Village-Based Neighborhoods (Case Study: Abshahi Neighborhood of Yazd City)
The rapid population growth and consequent urban expansion have led to the encroachment of rural lands by cities, resulting in transitional areas that often lack both rural identity and urban qualities. This study aimed to protect valuable agricultural and historical lands by presenting a model for the Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) from rural-urban fringes to suitable urban zones. Taking Abshahi Neighborhood of Yazd as a case study, this applied research employed a descriptive methodology, documentary analysis, and expert interviews. Key criteria for sender and receiver areas were identified and weighted using the Friedman test in SPSS. The spatial analysis was conducted using GIS to map zones for sending and receiving development rights. Results indicated that 7 indicators—including agricultural and historical value, land size, and allowable building density—were crucial in selecting suitable areas. The proposed TDR model provided a planning tool to guide sustainable urban growth while preserving irreplaceable rural and historical assets. Keywords : Transfer of Development Rights (TDR), Rural-Urban Interface, Urban Lung, Abshahi Neighborhood, Yazd. Introduction The incorporation of peripheral villages into cities creates socio-economic and physical complexities, forming hybrid rural-urban areas. These transitions often result in the loss of agricultural lands and historical assets, which are critical in desert cities like Yazd. Abshahi, once a rural village, now forms one of the most populated urban neighborhoods due to urban sprawl. This study investigated how the TDR mechanism could protect such lands while managing growth effectively. It addressed the following question: how can development rights be relocated to maintain a balance between preservation and urban expansion? Urban growth in Yazd presents unique challenges and opportunities. The city, located in a desert environment, relies heavily on its agricultural lands for food security and local culture. As urban areas expand, pressure mounts on these lands, leading to potential loss of biodiversity and historical heritage. This research not only explored existing literature on TDR practices, but also highlighted a significant gap in applying this model within Iranian contexts, particularly in desert environments where land value and ecosystem services were vital. Materials & Methods The study followed an applied research framework, employing descriptive methods based on documentary reviews and expert interviews. Initial criteria for identifying “sending” (protection) and “receiving” (development) zones were derived from literature and refined through expert consultation. Data Collection Techniques: The research utilized several data collection techniques, including a comprehensive literature review that informed the baseline understanding of TDR mechanisms. Expert interviews were conducted with urban planners, environmental scientists, and local government officials to gain insights into the unique context of Yazd. The snowball sampling method ensured expert saturation due to the limited number of specialists in this field. Statistical Analysis: Indicators were prioritized using the Friedman test in SPSS, allowing for a robust statistical evaluation of the importance of various factors. A Likert-scale approach was employed for weighting qualitative indicators, facilitating a nuanced understanding of expert opinions. Spatial Analysis: The spatial analyses conducted in GIS were instrumental in identifying suitable zones for the TDR model. By mapping both sending and receiving areas, the study was able to visualize the potential impacts of transferring development rights, providing a clearer picture of urban growth patterns in Yazd. Research Findings The sending zones identified in the study included agricultural fields (88.72 ha), garden houses (14 ha), and registered historical lands (2800 m²) in Abshahi Neighborhood. These areas were proposed for protection under the TDR model, emphasizing their agricultural and cultural significance. Receiving Zones: The receiving zones within Yazd City were identified based on multiple indicators. Key features included the presence of barren land, low population density, and high permitted building density. These characteristics made them suitable for absorbing transferred development rights, thereby facilitating urban growth without encroaching on valuable rural areas. Land Use Optimization: The strategic reallocation of development rights aimed to optimize land use and mitigate pressure on culturally and ecologically sensitive zones. Higher building allowances in receiving areas served as incentives for landowners, while low population densities made these zones more adaptable to future growth. Discussion of Results & Conclusion The research underscored the dualistic nature of rural and urban systems and the challenges that arose when they merged. In desert cities like Yazd, preserving agricultural and historical lands—often referred to as urban lungs—is essential for maintaining ecological balance and cultural heritage. Significance of TDR in Yazd: This study filled a theoretical gap by localizing the TDR concept and identifying key physical, social, and economic indicators for its application. The prioritized indicators for sending zones included agricultural and historical significance, while receiving zones were determined primarily by land availability and development potential. Implications for Urban Planning: The findings could serve as a roadmap for urban planners and researchers, offering insights for implementing TDR in similar contexts. The proposed model not only aided in protecting valuable lands, but also encouraged sustainable urban development practices. Future Research Directions: Future studies should examine the legal and administrative frameworks needed for effective TDR execution in Iran. Additionally, exploring the social implications of TDR on local communities could provide valuable insights into public acceptance and participation in urban planning processes. Engaging local stakeholders, including farmers and residents, in the TDR dialogue is crucial for ensuring that the model is both equitable and effective. In conclusion, the TDR model presents a viable solution for managing urban expansion in Yazd while safeguarding its invaluable agricultural and historical assets. By fostering a balanced approach to development, this study contributed to the broader discourse on sustainable urban planning in desert regions, highlighting the importance of integrated strategies that recognized the interdependence of urban and rural landscapes. The research emphasized that as cities continue to grow, innovative approaches like TDR are essential in addressing the complex challenges posed by urbanization. By adopting such frameworks, cities like Yazd can navigate the pressures of growth while preserving their unique identities and ecological integrity for future generations.
تبلیغات
