ﻣﻘﺎیﺴه ﻋﻘﺪ رهن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻖ اﺳﺘﺮداد ﺑﺎ رویکﺮد رویه ﻗﻀﺎیی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻖ اﺳﺘﺮداد، ﻫﺮ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺗﻤﻠیکی و ﻣﻌﻮض اﺳﺖ کﻪ در آن اﻧﺘﻘﺎل دﻫﻨﺪه ﺣﻖ دارد ﺑﺎ رد ﻋﻮﺿی کﻪ دریﺎﻓﺖ کﺮده اﺳﺖ ﻣﻠک ﺗﻤﻠیک ﺷﺪه را اﺳﺘﺮداد کﻨﺪ. از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺛﺒﺖ، ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺑﺎ ﺣﻖ اﺳﺘﺮداد ﺗﺮکیﺒی از ﻋﻘﺪ ﻗﺮض و رﻫﻦ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ایﻦ، ﺑیﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺑﺎ ﺣﻖ اﺳﺘﺮداد ﺑﺎ رﻫﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎیی وﺟﻮد دارد، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ایﻨکﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻖ اﺳﺘﺮداد ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﮔیﺮﻧﺪه اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد، اﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻋیﻦ ﻣﺮﻫﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ راﻫﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣییﺎﺑﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎیﺖ ﺑﻪ م. ۳۴ ق.ث. و رویه ﻗﻀﺎیی ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮیﺪار دارد، و ایﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺷﺮﻋی ﻫﻤﺎن ﺳﻮد ﺑﺪﻫی اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ایﻦ، اﮔﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ را ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮیﺪار ﻧﺪاﻧیﻢ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮرم و کﺴﺮ ارزش ﭘﻮل، ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﻣﻌﺎوﺿی در ﻣﻮرد وی ﻧﺎدیﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣیﺷﻮد. از ایﻦرو، ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﻪ وی در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻬﺎﺗﺮ و ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻧﺴﺒی ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻣیﻧﻤﺎیﺪ.A Comparison of Mortgage Contract and Transaction with Right of Restitution through an Approach based on Existing Precedent
Transaction with right of restitution refers to any supplementary and commutative contract in which the assignor reserves the right for himself to reject consideration and restitute transferred property. In view of the law on registration of deeds and real estates, transaction with right of restitution is a combined contract of rendable property and mortgage. Thereare, however, differences between transaction with right of restitution and mortgage including this that the contract interests belongs to the transferee in the transaction with the right of restitution while corpus interests of themortgaged property belong to the mortgagee. By virtue of Article 324 of the law on registration of deeds and real estates and the existing precedent, all the benefits belong to the purchaser and given religious rules and regulations, this stipulation is the same as the debt interest. However, if we ignore the right of the purchaser to collect interests, given the degree of inflation and devaluation of money, we have equally ignored commutative justice in his case. Therefore, belongingness of the interests to him seems to be possible via bartering and realization of relative balance.
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