بررسی و تحلیل توانمندی ها و تنگناهای توسعه گردشگری شهرستان لنجان با کاربرد مدل های AHP و SWOT (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
گردشگری از راهبردهای اصلی توسعه است و می تواند با برنامه ریزی هدفمند و مبتنی بر شناخت توانمندی ها و تنگناها بر توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و محیط زیستی هر منطقه اثرگذار باشد. شهرستان لنجان از لحاظ منابع و جاذبه های طبیعت محور و تاریخی-فرهنگی ظرفیت متنوع و غنی دارد؛ اما با محدودیت هایی نیز روبه روست. محققان در پژوهش حاضر به دنبال شناخت توانمندی ها و تنگناهای توسعه گردشگری و نیز ارائه راهبردهای مناسب هستند. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از حیث ماهیت از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری متشکل از صاحب نظران گردشگری به تعداد 15 نفر و گردشگران به تعداد 45 نفر است. از گروه اول برای تحلیل توانمندی ها و محدودیت های گردشگری با استفاده از مدل AHP پرسش و از نظر های گروه دوم در چهارچوب مدل SWOT برای دستیابی به راهبردها و راهکارهای مناسبِ توسعه گردشگری استفاده شده است. نتایج مدل AHP نشان داد که معیارهای «غنای جاذبه های اکوتوریستی» با وزن 492/0، «روستاهای تاریخی و امکان توسعه فعالیت های بومگردی» با وزن 448/0 و «میراث ملموس و ناملموس تاریخی–فرهنگی ثبت ملی» با وزن 330/0 به عنوان مهم ترین توانمندی های گردشگری منطقه است. معیارهای «کمبود امکانات رفاهی و خدمات اقامتی در برخی جاذبه های تاریخی–فرهنگی» با وزن 544/0 و «آسیب دیدگی اکوسیستم با وزن 427/0 به عنوان جدّی ترین تنگناهای گردشگری شناخته شده است. با توجه به نتایج مدل SWOT 10 نقطه قوت و فرصت با امتیاز نهایی 53/3 به عنوان مزیت ها و 8 نقطه ضعف و تهدید با امتیاز نهایی 20/3 به عنوان محدودیت های مؤثر بر توسعه گردشگری شهرستان مشخص شد. در این میان، راهبرد مناسب توسعه گردشگری نیز «راهبرد فعّال» است.Investigating and Analyzing the Potentials and Constraints of Tourism Development in Lenjan County Using AHP and SWOT Models
Tourism is a leading development strategy in various societies, influencing economic, social, and environmental growth through targeted planning that recognizes both potentials and challenges. Lenjan County, despite facing certain limitations in tourism development, boasts diverse and significant resources related to nature and historical culture. This research aimed to identify these strengths and obstacles, proposing solutions to enhance capacities and mitigate tourism bottlenecks in Lenjan County. This study was applied in purpose and descriptive in nature and methodology. The research population consisted of tourism experts and visitors to the region with a statistical sample of 15 experts and 45 tourists. The first group analyzed tourism capabilities and limitations using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, while insights from the second group were utilized within a SWOT framework to identify suitable solutions for tourism development based on the AHP findings. The results from the hierarchical analysis revealed that ecotourism attractions with a weight of 0.492, historical villages, and the potential for ecotourism activities (0.448), along with tangible and intangible historical-cultural heritage recognized nationally (0.330), represented the most significant tourism capabilities. Conversely, the lack of amenities and accommodation services at some historical-cultural sites (0.544) and damage to the local ecosystem due to river depletion and industrial pollution (0.427) were identified as the most critical bottlenecks. Additionally, the SWOT analysis identified 10 strengths and opportunities, yielding a final score of 3.53, while 8 weaknesses and threats scored 3.20, highlighting practical limitations on tourism development from the tourists’ perspectives. The recommended strategy for tourism development was an "active strategy". Keywords: Tourism, Tourism Development, Tourism Potentials, Tourism Bottlenecks, Lenjan. IntroductionToday, tourism stands as one of the largest economic activities globally, generating significant benefits for societies. This industry serves as a crucial source of income, employment, and development of social and cultural infrastructure, impacting various facets of people's lives. For developing countries, where issues like unemployment and reliance on single-product economies are prevalent, tourism development is particularly essential. Iran is recognized as a prominent tourism hub positioned favorably for attracting both Asian and international visitors. Lenjan County with its rich array of natural and cultural attractions possesses substantial tourism potential. However, despite these resources, the region has not yet achieved significant progress in tourism development. Consequently, this research aimed to identify the opportunities and challenges associated with tourism development in Lenjan County. Materials & MethodsThis research was an applied survey focused on practical outcomes. It employed a descriptive-analytical approach in both its nature and methodology. The study combined library-based and field survey methods for data collection. Initially, theoretical foundations and relevant research literature were gathered through a comprehensive literature review. Subsequently, a questionnaire was administered to tourism experts, with data analysis conducted using Superdecision software. Following this, a second questionnaire was distributed to tourists to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to tourism. The data from this section were analyzed using the SWOT model and Microsoft Excel, leading to the presentation of effective strategies. Maps were created using ArcGIS Pro software. The statistical population comprised tourism experts and visitors in Lenjan County with a sample size of 15 experts and 45 tourists. Lenjan County, covering an area of 1,171 km2, is located in the southwest of Isfahan city and is part of Isfahan Province. Research FindingsAmong the tourist respondents, 62% were from Isfahan Province, while 38% came from outside the province. Notably, 64% of the in-province tourists were from the city of Isfahan. Out-of-province visitors included 6% from Ilam, 17% from Tehran, 12% from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, 17% from Khuzestan, 12% from Fars, and 18% from Qazvin. Kerman, Hormozgan, and Yazd provinces each accounted for 6% of the respondents. Regarding travel motivations, 33.3% cited recreation and leisure as their primary reason followed by 20% for nature-based tourism, 15.6% for work and employment, and 31.1% for visiting relatives and friends. Of all respondents, 64.4% reported making overnight trips, while 35.6% did not stay overnight. In terms of travel seasons, respondents noted spring and summer equally at 24.4%, with only 2.3% indicating autumn. An analysis of nature-based tourism potential in Lenjan County revealed that the criterion of "richness of ecotourism attractions" with a weight of 0.492 was the most significant factor and the highest priority. For historical and cultural tourism capabilities, the criterion of "presence of historical tourism-targeted villages and potential for developing ecotourism activities" with a weight of 0.448 was identified as the top priority.Investigating the limitations of nature-based tourism development highlighted that "damage to the ecosystem due to river depletion and industrial pollution" with a weight of 0.427 was the primary concern. Similarly, for historical and cultural tourism, the "lack of amenities and accommodation services at certain attractions" was noted as the top limitation with a weight of 0.544. The findings further identified 5 strengths, 4 weaknesses, 5 opportunities, and 4 threats related to tourism in the region. The recommended strategy was categorized as offensive (SO).Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe analysis identified 10 key strengths for tourism development in the region: Richness of Ecotourism Attractions: Being weighted at 0.492, this factor was crucial for attracting visitors. Presence of Historical Tourism Villages and Potential for Ecotourism Activities: With a weight of 0.448, this criterion highlighted significant opportunities for development. Tangible and Intangible Historical-Cultural Heritage: This factor weighted at 0.330 underscored the value of cultural resources. Infrastructure for Sports and Recreational Activities: With a weight of 0.237, this indicated the importance of facilities that could support active tourism. Strategic Location on Communication Routes: Being weighted at 0.134, this factor enhanced accessibility to various regions. High Demand for Nature-Based Tourism across Age Groups: This criterion with a weight of 0.115 reflected a broad interest in nature tourism. Proximity to Major Destinations: This factor weighted at 0.099 emphasized the advantages of being near popular travel hubs. Specialized and Active Human Resources in Nature-Based Tourism: With a weight of 0.055, this pointed to the availability of local expertise. Potential for Combining Historical and Religious Tourism: This criterion with a weight of 0.046 highlighted opportunities for integrating diverse tourism offerings. Ability to Connect with Tourism Programs in Other Cities and Neighboring Provinces: Being weighted at 0.039, this emphasized the importance of collaboration in regional tourism.Conversely, the analysis identified 10 key limitations: Lack of Welfare Facilities and Accommodation Services: This issue weighted at 0.544 significantly hindered the appeal of historical and cultural attractions. Ecosystem Damage Due to River Depletion and Industrial Pollution: With a weight of 0.427, this highlighted critical environmental challenges. Insufficient Support from Local Organizations and Officials: This limitation weighted at 0.212 underscored the need for greater institutional backing. Inadequate Infrastructure and Poor Distribution of Tourism Services: With a weight of 0.197, this pointed to the necessity for improved facilities and services. Limited Access to Some Historical and Cultural Attractions: This factor with a weight of 0.182 restricted visitor engagement. Neglect of Historical Buildings: The lack of attention from authorities regarding physical deterioration and visual quality carried a weight of 0.161. Minimal Benefits for the Local Community: The seasonal and sporadic nature of tourism activities resulted in low community engagement with a weight of 0.091. High Tourist Density, Especially during Holidays: This issue weighted at 0.070 could lead to overcrowding and detracting from the visitor experience. Low Awareness among Locals of the Region's Historical and Cultural Potential: This limitation with a weight of 0.056 indicated the need for community education. Cultural Conflicts between Tourists and Local Residents: With a weight of 0.055, this highlighted challenges in integrating diverse cultural perspectives.To determine the most effective strategy for regional tourism development, internal factors received a final score of 3.60, while external factors scored 3.18. Both sets of factors suggested prioritizing offensive strategies (SO) to enhance tourism growth in the region.
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