تحلیل محتوایی مفهوم کشاورزی شهری به عنوان یک کاربری انعطاف پذیر در شهر با استفاده از مرور پیشینه تحقیق (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بیان مسئله: به دلیل رشد بی رویه شهرها و افزایش توسعه افقی، اراضی مستعد کشاورزی در اطراف شهرها از بین رفته است و از طرفی به دلیل افزایش ساخت و ساز، از فضای سبز شهری خصوصا برای جمعیت در حال رشد کاسته شده است؛ مشکلات زیست محیطی، چالش تامین تغذیه، آلودگی هوا و... همگی از پیامدهای عدم توجه به نقش کشاورزی در برنامه ریزی شهری است.هدف: این پژوهش در نظر دارد که کشاورزی شهری را به عنوان یک کاربری انعطاف پذیر که علاوه بر بحث کشاورزی به عنوان خوراک؛ بتواند کاربردهایی در زمینه اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، زیست محیطی و... برای شهروندان داشته باشد، معرفی کند.روش: در این پژوهش از روش تحلیل محتوا به شیوه کدگذاری استفاده شده و با استفاده از نرم افزار MAXQDA هر یک از منابع به طور مجزا بررسی و شاخص هایی استخراج شدند. یافته ها: از جنبه کشاورزی شهری، حوزه های کلان مانند حوزه های محیطی از جنبه اقلیم و انواع کشاورزی در شهر می توانند بیانگر خصوصیات، الزامات و فواید آن ها باشند و یا به لحاظ اقتصادی مبین افزایش فرصت شغلی جدید، بهبود وضعیت درآمد خانوار، تامین مواد غذایی در دسترس و ... هستند؛ از طرفی بحث کاربری انعطاف پذیر مشخصا در برگیرنده برنامه ریزی کاربری اراضی، توزیع کاربری ها، همجواری ها، اصول و قواعد تغییر کاربری ها، کاربری های مختلط و... به عنوان نمودی از انعطاف پذیری کاربری های شهری قابل بیان هستند.نتیجه گیری: کاربری کشاورزی شهری می تواند انعطاف در بهره برداری و یا اختلاط عملکردی را موجب شود تا جذابیت کافی را برای شهروندان فراهم کند؛ از این رو بهتر است گونه های مختلف کشاورزی در شهر شناخته شود و متناسب با هر محیط شهری و استفاده های حاکم در محیط از زمین شهری، نوع مناسب را از کشاورزی در شهر انتخاب کرد تا محیط سرزنده، منعطف و جذاب برای شهروندان فراهم شود و بهبود کیفیت زندگی شهروندان را به همراه داشته باشد.Content analysis of the concept of urban agriculture as a flexible use in the city using a review of the research background
Introduction: In addition to destroying agricultural land and turning it into residential and industrial areas, urbanization is accompanied by a decrease in the population of people working in the agricultural sector (Wastfelt & Zhang, 2016). Following the development of urbanization and the migration of villagers to cities, a large population settled in cities in search of suitable jobs and an opportunity to be absorbed in the urban economy. These urban populations needed to provide food, and most did not know any other activity or profession except agriculture; therefore, some forms of agriculture A city was formed in the suburbs (Zasada et al., 2011). One of the challenges of urban agriculture is that it is traditionally neglected in urban planning because agriculture is not the norm of urban life (Bazgeer et al., 2019). Removing agricultural land from the use of the city has led to the weakening of economic, social, and ecological sustainability. The environmental costs associated with urban sprawl can be enormous. Therefore, policymakers and city managers must take necessary measures to protect the natural environment of cities (Glaeser, 2013). According to the mentioned cases and the increasing growth of the urban population and related environmental challenges, urban agriculture has been proposed as a flexible use in cities that can help as a sustainable solution to provide sustainable food, strengthen social connections, and improve citizens' quality of life.Methodology: This article is a review article. Review articles provide a new platform to provide a conceptual framework and the possibility of creating a more general and comprehensive picture of related issues that experts have addressed so far. The library method has been used to collect information. This research will use the content analysis method to review and analyze relevant texts and documents. Content analysis is a method used to analyze achievements in documents, written documents, or even speech, such as interviews. Among the practical tools that can be used in this research is MAXQDA software. This software analyzes documents using content analysis coding techniques (open, axial, and selective coding). In the first stage, after reading the texts, he extracted the main axes as open coding, which indicates the direction of analysis according to the purpose of the research. In the next stage, coding is done axially. In this part, by reading the texts in the main axes of the research more closely, the sub-axes of each are also extracted. In the last stage, the categories will be classified selectively, and their relationships will be extracted.Results: Using urban agriculture can cause flexibility in exploitation or functional mixing to provide enough attraction for citizens. Therefore, it is better to know the different types of agriculture in the city, and they are suitable for each urban environment and the prevailing uses of land in the environment. The city chose the right type of agriculture to provide a lively, flexible, and attractive environment for the citizens and improve their quality of life.Discussion:Refined codes in different dimensionsCodesDimensionsfieldIncreasing interactions between different groups - participation in social affairs - participation at local levels - participatory gardens - sense of belonging - cultural participation - supporting community agriculture - participation of officials and stakeholdersParticipationsocialTraining managers and farmers - Training ordinary people - Improving the knowledge of children and teenagers about agriculture - Evaluation of expert forces - Botanical studies - Children's farm - Teaching the process of planting to harvest - Teachings for marketing - Irrigation and pest control methods - Brochures - Mass communication media.Education Urban land use management - urban plans - land use program monitoring - multi-purpose management - support - development policies in urban agriculture - urban actors - codified programs - rules in urban agriculture - legal loopholesorganizationalmanagerialSupporting small businesses - economic development - creating employment - reducing maintenance costs - supply and demand efficiency - development factors - job opportunities - new sources of income - marketing and attracting domestic and foreign capital - entrepreneurship - drivers of economic development - empowerment - self-sufficiency - job security - Reduction of urban poverty - livelihood of low-income groupsemploymenteconomicTourist attractions - recreational and educational experience - increasing income through tourism - agricultural tourism - advertising - green economy - direct purchase of agricultural products from gardens - agricultural experience in the city - park cultivation - attracting investors - improving the landscape - beautifying the urban environmenttourism Increasing the well-being of residents - Identity - Belonging to the place of life - Security - Proportionate distribution of urban services - Fair access to urban spaces - Fair distribution of food - Access to healthy and low-cost foodSpatial justiceenvironmentalDiversity and balance in urban uses - Diversity in selection - Determining the assignment of empty and wasteland urban land - Diversity with vitality - Functional mixing - Applicability of activities - Evaluation and control of uses - Useful and effective activities - Proportionate distribution of compatibility and desirability of uses - Update User information - balance between components - location of uses - proximity of uses - complementary uses - multifunctional urban agriculture - different types of agriculture - flexibility of urban useFlexibility of users Reducing the use of fuel and energy - air and noise pollution - health - improving the quality of the environment - recycling urban runoff - preserving biodiversity - reducing greenhouse gases - environmental effects of uses - environmental health standards - control and cleanliness - increasing green space - water management Urban - thermal insulation agent - natural fertilizers - air conditioningclimate Conclusion:Providing planning indicatorsindexDimensionsfieldThe level of participation of citizens in the development and expansion of urban agricultureThe degree of participation of city officials with citizensParticipationsocialThe extent of citizens' participation in the development of urban agricultureThe degree of participation of city officials with citizensEducation Investigating the city development system regarding urban agricultureExisting regulations and legal loopholesorganizationalmanagerialEmployment statusJob creation by urban agricultureemploymenteconomicAgricultural tourism opportunitiesInvestment incentivestourism Distribution of urban farm spaceDistribution of vacant spaces and lands suitable for urban agricultureAccess to agricultural inputs and facilities in the citySpatial justiceenvironmentalUrban land use distributionAgricultural lands and urban gardensAgricultural land use changes over the past yearsFlexibility of usersRules and regulations of land use (urban agriculture)Agricultural species available in the cityFlexibility of users The weather in the cityPollutionDiversity of vegetationclimate
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