تحلیل مکونات اللغه المکتوبه لخطب نهج البلاغه (دراسه الخطبه الأولى نموذجا) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
إن أحد مجالات البحث فی النصوص معالجتها من حیث کونها منطوقه أم مکتوبه. وإن کون النص مکتوبا أو منطوقا فی هذه الدراسه لا یعنی أنه کُتب أو نُطق، بل یعنی مدى تحرک النص نحو الانفصال عن بنود وقیود الزمن أو المکان أو المخاطب، وهو فی هذه الحاله یتجه نحو کونه مکتوبا وإن یبقى فی قید الزمن أو المکان أو المخاطب الأساسی، فذلک یعنی أنه یمیل إلى کونه منطوقا. یسعى هذا البحث عبر الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی إلى تقدیم مکونات للتحدید کون النص مکتوبا مثل الاستخدام الأکثر لعناصر الزمن، والمکان، والمخاطب الخاص، والموضوع، والموقف الخاص، وضمائر الغیاب، وإحاله الکلام إلى أدله خارج النص، وکثره استخدامات البنى التصریحیه، والأسالیب الوصفیه والتعریفیه، والأفعال التعبیریه والوعظیه للفهم الأفضل للنص، ویحتاج فهمه الدقیق إلى التعرف على لغه النص مکتوبه أو منطوقه. کما أن خلق المفهوم لکل من الخطبه والخطابه وفصلهما من البعض فی هذه المقاله هو أحد الأهداف الرئیسیه. وتظهر النتیجه أن الحالتین واللغتین تحکمان خطب نهج البلاغه وأن حاله الخطبه الأولى ولغتها هی "الخطبه" أو "المکتوبه" وذلک حسب المکونات المکتوبه المستخدمه فیها.Component analysis of the written language of the Nahj al-Balagha sermon (Case study of the first sermon)
One of the fields of research in texts is the investigation of whether they are spoken or written, which is of great importance in contemporary language studies. Saussure proposed the distinction between language and speech based on the distinction between language ability and action, and the category of writing was a consequence of that distinction. In the definition and usefulness of the distinction between speech and writing, it can be said that speech or orality is most related to a time, a place, an audience and a special situation; because writing is more stable than speech and speech is more dynamic than writing. Spoken and written texts have different linguistic components that show themselves in all the verbal and semantic areas of the language, including sounds, words, structures, clauses and structures. Introduction The verbal and semantic layer of the language in the oral and written language has rhetorical and stylistic implications, the structures governing them can be examined to determine the general nature of each of them based on what principles; Because the meaning, message, and rhetoric are different in speech and writing, and the structures and styles chosen for the (oral) word, naturally, may not be the same as the structures and styles chosen for the (written) book; Because the conditions, environment and context of the sentence require the use of verbal and semantic structures that are suitable for the situation and the environment. Therefore, the longer a text remains in the space in which it was formed, the more suitable the term oral or speech is, that is, it is a text that is dominated by temporal elements, spatial elements, the audience and the subject; Therefore, when its language has speech characteristics, it requires its own method of understanding and interpretation, and in order to read it, it is necessary to pay attention to what time and place it was said and who was the addressee. On the other hand, the same conditions and context may not exist during the production of written text, which means that the written text has become a text that has a large audience and can be read at different times and places. Materials & methods Speech and writing have their own components. Among the components of speech and writing, some are even common between the two. Written or spoken text in this review does not mean that it is commonly written or spoken, but it means how far the text has moved towards breaking from the clauses of time, place or the primary audience, which in this case, towards writing. It moves and to what extent it remains in the clause of time, place or the primary audience that tends to speech. Discussion This research seeks to present writing components such as the most inclusion of time elements, place, special audience, subject and situation, pronouns of absence, referencing speech to extratextual evidence, multiplicity of functions of explicit structures, descriptive and defining structures and styles, preaching expressive actions for better understanding. It is a text that is necessary for its accurate understanding to be familiar with the language of the text in terms of speaking or writing, also separating the two concepts of "sermon" and "speech" in this text is one of the main goals, that is, sermon (equivalent to writing) and speech (equivalent to speech) ) is. In other words, some sermons have a written form and some of them have an oral form, that is, a part of the sermons in which the least elements of time, place and special situation have occurred, as "sermon" and another category of sermons that have the most The entry of the mentioned elements happened in it, they are referred to as "speech" in this text; Therefore, the conceptualization of "sermon" and "sermon" is done in the present research. Another goal is to analyze the written component of the first sermon of Nahj al-Balagha, the style of using verbal and semantic linguistic elements in it, and to intro
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