دراسه نقدیه فی الآراء التفسیریه للآیه 24 من سوره النساء (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بحسب ما هو معروف تبدأ الآیه 24 من سوره النساء بالحدیث عن تحریم الزواج من النساء المحصنات ثمّ یستثنی من ذلک الزواج من الإماء، غیر أنّ المفسّرین لم یتفقوا فی معنى الجزء الأول منها. یتبیّن من دراسه التفاسیر منذ بدایه الإسلام حتى الآن أن هناک خمسه آراء مختلفه حول هذه الآیه القرآنیه. ترى هذه التفاسیر أنّ هذا الجزء من الآیه، کالآیه السابقه، یقصد تحریم الزواج من المتزوجات أو الحرائر إلا الأسیرات أو الإماء أو المهاجرات أو أقل من أربع زوجات. ومع ذلک، یمکن ملاحظه بعض إشکالیّات فی هذه الآراء مثل الغموض فی الدلاله، والضعف فی الروایات المعتمده، ومعارضه بعض الآراء للروح العامه للتعالیم الإسلامیه، وما إلى ذلک. یهدف البحث الحالی بمنهجه الوصفی والتحلیلی، ومن خلال دراسه 210 تفاسیر متوفره فی برمجیات جامع التفاسیر (3) إلى عرض وتحلیل وجهات النظر المذکوره، بالاعتماد على الأدله النصیه المستمره والمتقطعه، وأخیراً توصّل إلى وجهه نظر جدیده ومغایره، وهی أنّ الواو فی بدایه الآیه لیست للعطف، بل هی استئنافیه، وهذه الآیه لیست استمراراً للتحریم المذکور فی الآیه السابقه، وإنّما لها معنى مستقل. ومن جانب آخر، إنّ المحصنات هی النساء العفیفات، ولیس النساء المتزوجات، وتشمل جمله ﴿ما ملکت أیمانهم﴾ الإماء أیضاً. وکذلک عباره ﴿والمحسنات من النساء إلا ما ملکت أیمانکم﴾ مبتدأ، وجمله ﴿کتاب الله علیکم﴾ خبره، وکلاهما مرفوع. ولذلک، تشیر الآیه إلى الرّجال لیتوجّهوا إلى الزواج من النساء العفیفات من غیر الإماء. وبالطبع، إن الآیه التالیه خفّفت الحکم المذکور، وأجازت للرجال، فی حاله عدم القدره المالیه، أن یتزوّجوا من الخادمات المؤمنات.A critical research on interpretation opinions about verse 24 of Surah al-Nisa’
According to popular interpretation, verse 24 of Nisa, following the previous verse, refers to the prohibition of marrying married women, with the exception of maidservants. The commentators in five different views consider the exception of the verse to be related to women in war or slave women or migrant women or less than four women. But there are problems in these votes; Such as: ambiguity in the meaning, low credibility of the traditions that are cited, the opposition of some opinions to the basic teachings of Islam, etc. This descriptive-analytical research has been done by studying 210 interpretations available in the comprehensive software Al-Tafaseer (3). In this research, context and discontinuous textual evidence were considered. First, the existing opinions were criticized, and then a new and different point of view was presented, which says: The letter v is not used to refer to the past, but to start an independent sentence. So, like the previous verse, this verse does not contain a prohibition and has an independent meaning. Also, "Mohsanat" in the word and term are chaste women, not married women, and the expression "Malakat Aymanukum" includes slave women. The subject of the phrase is "Walmohsanat Man Nisa Al-Ama Malik Imankam" and the Predicate is the phrase "Kitab Allah Alaykom" and both are Marfu'. So he advises men to marry chaste women who are not slaves. Of course, the next verse makes the above ruling easier and allows men to marry slave women who are believers in case of financial incapacity. Keywords: Quran, Surah Nisa, lawful marriage, chaste woman, verse 24 of Surah Nisa. Introduction: Verse 24 of Surah Nisa is one of the verses that is very difficult to interpret. Examining various interpretations shows that at least five views have been presented about the first part of the verse, which have expressed different meanings about it. The first point of view, based on a narration, says that this part refers to the previous verse and its meaning is that it is forbidden for your men to marry married women, but you can marry the women of infidels who were captured by you in war. In the second view, the meaning of the verse is that you cannot marry married women; But if they are slaves, their master can sell them. In this case, the buyer can marry that woman. According to the third view, the exception mentioned in the verse refers to women who have moved away from their husbands. According to the fourth point of view, the exception of the verse is related to the prohibition of marrying more than four free women. The fifth view says that the meaning of the verse is the prohibition of marrying more than four free women, but it is not a prohibition about slave women. In all the above comments, the letter waw at the beginning of the verse gives the meaning of (and); That's why it is referred to the previous verse. For this reason, all these views consider the meaning of the verse to be the prohibition of marriage. Also, these opinions say that the word Mohsanat means married women. Commentary sources, usually in the interpretation of the Qur'anic verses, have inevitably interpreted this verse as well. Apart from them, some independent studies have been done about this verse. But all those studies have opinions like those presented in interpretive sources. It means that verse 24 is connected to the previous verse in terms of meaning. Therefore, no research similar to this research has been done so far. This is despite the fact that the mentioned views have problems. including: The weakness of the traditions in which the views are cited; The opposition of some opinions to the general themes of Islamic teachings; The difficulty of accepting the semantic connection of verse 24 to the previous verse; Given that the meaning of the previous verse has been completed. The interpretation of the meaning of married women from the word Mohsanat, contrary to its use in other places of the Qur'an; It is reminded that everywher
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