تبیین الگوهای ادراک حسی مؤثر بر حس تعلق به مکان در طراحی مدارس استثنایی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
محیط آموزشی، بعد از محیط خانه و خانواده، بیشترین سطح ارتباط با کودکان را به تعامل می گذارد. تاثیر کیفیت فضای آموزشی در تحقق حس تعلق به مکان که فرد را به مکان پیوند داده و هویت افراد و مکان را شکل می دهد این امر در محیط های آموزشی که دانش آموزان خصوصیات حسی، رفتاری و نیازهای ویژه دارند از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است .در این راستا پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی شاخص های ادراک حسی بر حس تعلق همچنین تأثیر هر کدام از شاخص ها، اولویت بندی شاخص های تاثیرگذار بر حس تعلق دانش آموزان انجام پذیرفت. نسبت به هدف تعیین شده یکی از مهمترین سوالاتی که پژوهش حاضر به دنبال پاسخ گویی به آن است را چنین می توان بیان نمود؛ چگونه می توان عناصر شکل دهنده متأثر از الگوهای ادراک حسی در مدارس استثنایی را در قالب استانداردهای طراحی این مدارس به عنوان یک مدل فراگیر تدوین نمود؟ تحقیق حاضر، به روش کمی و کیفی می باشد، داده های کیفی با استفاده از مشاهدات مستقیم، مطالعه اسنادی و مصاحبه با متخصصین، گردآوری شد، سپس داده های کمی در بستری پیمایشی به روش تهیه پرسشنامه طبق طیف لیکرت تنظیم و با روش مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری(SEM) روابط بین متغییرها و میزان تأثیر آنها در مدارس مورد مطالعه توسط نرم افزار Spss و Amos تحلیل شد. نمونه گیری نیز با روش خوشه ای دو مرحله ای انجام و سپس از یک نمونه ی تصادفی استفاده شد. یافته های این تحقیق نشان داد که بین عوامل ادراک حسی، حواس بینایی نسبت به سایر حواس از اهمیت بیشتری برای این دانش آموزان برخوردار می باشند. همچنین در بین عوامل حس مکان وجود تعاملات اجتماعی در ایجاد حس تعلق به مکان و رضایتمندی مؤثر می باشند. در نتیجه الگوهایی در قالب استانداردهای طراحی در جهت بازآفرینی شاخص های ادراک حسی و تقویت روابط و تعاملات اجتماعی دانش آموزان که به عنوان عاملی مهم برای حس تعلق آنان به مدرسه تلقی می شود ارائه گردید تا راهنمای طراحان باشد.Sensory perception patterns affecting the sense of place attachment in the design of special needs schools
Extended Abstract Background and Objectives: This research is based on an applied objective. Applied research uses theories presented in fundamental research to solve real-world problems. The current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the indicators of sensory perception on the sense of place attachment and also the effect of each of the indicators, prioritizing the indicators affecting the sense of belonging of the students and compared to the set goal. One of the most important questions that the current research seeks to answer can be stated as: How can formative elements affected by sensory perception patterns in the special needs schools be formulated as design standards as a comprehensive model? In response to the research question and considering the practical objectives, the study proposes models based on the necessary guidelines and standards for the construction and design of special needs schools intended for the construction and reconstruction of future schools that have undergone changes for this purpose. Methods: This research utilizes a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods for theoretical studies, presenting qualitative criteria and indicators. The methodology involves gathering using a bibliographic research method and reviewing existing documents through direct observations, document analysis, and interviews with experts. The quantitative data was collected in a survey platform, which was used to answer the research question with the approach of preparing a questionnaire. The collected data was adjusted according to the Likert scale, and KMO and Bartlett statistics were used to check the validity of the questionnaire. The findings were analyzed by the structural equation modeling (SEM) method identifying the relationships between the variables and their impact in the studied schools by SPSS and Amos software. The sampling method in this research is a two-stage cluster type, and then a random sample is used to select schools. Findings: The research findings indicate that when scrutinizing factors associated with sensory perception components, it becomes apparent that visual senses, with a factor load of 0.943, are of greater significance for students compared to other sensory components. Also, within the factors contributing to place attachment, the social interaction component, with a factor load of 0.994, plays a significant role in fostering a sense of place attachment and overall satisfaction. Regarding the reliability of the research questionnaire, a pre-test was conducted by distributing 50 questionnaires among the statistical population. The obtained Cronbach’s alpha index for the variables and their dimensions is reported. Data was analyzed by SPSS Ver.16 software and Cronbach’s alpha index for the whole is equal to 0.913, which shows an appropriate reliability of the research questionnaire. In examining the relationships between the variables, the results of the hypotheses showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the research variables. Based on the results and information obtained from the findings and the environmental impression of the studied schools, the qualitative results of the most important things that can be emphasized as components of sensory perception and place attachment for the design of these schools have been stated. Conclusion: Most learning takes place through formal education in schools. To facilitate this process, students require a foundation of rich emotional experiences and a sense of connection with both their physical and social environments. Neglecting to involve all sensory aspects within a space can diminish the concentration of these students in establishing effective environmental communication. So, it is necessary to design the appropriate environment by considering the effective factors, such as the existence of the necessary stimuli and motivations, and adapting to the students’ cognitive and perceptive ab
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