حس حضور در آینده؛ نمود معماری آینده گرا در سینمای علمی- تخیلی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
رسانه ها در جوامع امروزی، دارای نقشی غیرقابل انکار هستند و از این رو می توانند محلی باشند برای نمایش معماری و امکانی فراهم آورند که افراد جامعه به کسب تجربه ی ذهنی معماری فقط با دیدن ساختمان های ساخته شده و دارای حضور کالبدی اکتفا نکنند . از سویی دیگر، ایده های یک معمار ممکن است نتوانند بنابه دلایلی رنگ واقعیت به خود گیرند و برای تحققشان از قابلیت های جهان مجازی استفاده شود. برخی شیوه های طراحی نیز بر اساس فناوری پیشرفته و رویکرد به آینده بنا نهاده شده اند که آرکولوژی و آرشیگرام هم از این دست سبک ها هستند. این سبک ها ایده ای برای طراحی یک شهر بوده که مهم ترین اصول آن استفاده ی بهینه از فناوری و ابرسازه هاست. در عرصه ی سینما هم فیلم های علمی تخیلی در قالب سبک آینده گرا وجود دارد. نوشتار حاضر به بررسی میزان بهره گیری فیلم های این سبک از معماری آینده گرا درجهت القای حس حضور در آینده به مخاطب می پردازد. روش شناسی تحقیق، همبستگی از نوع رابطه ای بوده، پرسش نامه هایی جهت بررسی گزینه های مستخرج از مطالعات در 24 فیلم منتخب پژوهشگران در اختیار 60 نفر از دانشجویان، فارغ التحصیلان و اساتید معماری گذاشته شد. در بررسی میزان تأثیرگذاری معماری بر فضاهای سینمایی و مقدار بهره گیری از ویژگی ها، بحث و نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر حضور 88 درصدی معماری آینده گرا در فیلم های علمی تخیلی است که حضور نشانه های آرکولوژیک و آرشیگرام نسبت به سایر سبک ها به وضوح بیشتر بوده است. راهنماهایی برای طرح ریزی فضای آینده گرایانه با استخراج مهم ترین عوامل معماری دخیل در سکانس ها در انتهای نوشتار تبیین شده اند که پرکاربردترین آن ها: مقیاس، تک بناهای عظیم، مصالح فلزی با رنگ خنثی، مقیاس بزرگ، سازه های فضایی و ...، بوده اند که در مبحث طراحی معماری می توانند به کار برده شوند.Sense of Presence in the Future; The Manifestation of Futuristic Architecture in Science - Fiction Cinema
Extended Abstract Background and Objectives: In contemporary society, the media has become a significant influence and can serve as an ideal platform to showcase various forms of art, including architecture. People can experience architecture not only through physical visits to buildings but also through virtual means. Little research has been done on the interaction between cinema and architecture in the past. More recent research shows that the manifestation of architectural styles in cinema has been studied to a limited extent. Few people have studied how to use architecture in cinema and also to create a place for the ideas of architectural designers to appear. The majority of research in this area has been disseminated through articles in art and film magazines, which have been more beneficial to filmmakers. However, this article aims to produce practical results that can be utilized by architects, including designers. When analyzing the use of architectural elements in futuristic films, the focus is on examining the items utilized by filmmakers and stage designers. After identifying the architectural items used, the issue of their compatibility with futuristic styles is evaluated. To accomplish this, an analogy was made with the field of archaeology, which coincided with the emergence of futuristic films and placed significant emphasis on humans and their critical choices. The present study examines the relationship between architecture and cinema from a reference perspective in the type of architectural presence in cinema. The type of films reviewed in this article is futuristic, considering the research intentions and focusing on examining architectural items, after an overview of different cinematic styles, according to the context of the event in futuristic films. This cinematic style is chosen because the interior location is typically a futuristic residence.. Methods: The research method utilized in this study is a relative kind of correlation method. In this approach, the relationship between variables is investigated based on the research objective. A homogeneous collection of 24 science fiction films, chosen from among the top-rated films in the history of cinema, were analyzed from the perspective of reputable websites that focused on futuristic films. The films were categorized and reviewed as part of the study. In this study, the researchers analyzed the content of film sequences using architectural styles identified through library and Internet research. Important sequences and frames were selected for analysis, and a questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was distributed to architecture students, graduates, and professors to collect their opinions. The results were then analyzed and reviewed. Findings: After analyzing the collected data, the researchers identified five main architectural factors that create a sense of presence in the future. These factors include the use of specific materials and colors, the presence of massive singular buildings and spatial structures, the scale of the buildings, mixed-use buildings with symbolic meaning, and a return to traditional architectural styles. The results of the research indicate that 88% of the 24 films analyzed contain sequences depicting futuristic architecture, indicating a significant presence of such elements in science fiction movies. The analysis of the research results reveals that architecture has a significant presence in futuristic films compared to other factors. However, this presence is not always very prominent. The use of materials and the creation of large buildings are the two most commonly used architectural factors in these films. The use of cold, lifeless, and often metal materials is also a prevalent feature of futuristic architecture in these films. Conclusion: The research results confirm the hypothesis that futuristic architecture has a significant presence in science fiction films, with a combined total of over 88% between films that feature purely futuristic architecture and those that incorporate a combination of styles. The analysis of the most successful films reviewed revealed that the most effective factors were the use of huge monoliths, unusual metal materials, scale, and spatial structures. These factors were found to be present in at least one of the scenes analyzed in 92% of cases, indicating their significant impact on the overall futuristic atmosphere. The film industry is an important platform for architects to express their ideas and showcase non-executed designs. Science-fiction films are created by filmmakers to give audiences a glimpse of the future, including architectural styles. Therefore, it would be beneficial for architects to advise and collaborate with filmmakers in creating futuristic films. Additionally, the definition of architecture needs to be reevaluated, as it is not solely about constructing physical structures for human habitation but also about designing virtual spaces for avatars to inhabit in the digital realm.
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