ارزیابی ترجیحات جوامع بومی برای حفاظت اکوسیستم جنگلی (مطالعه موردی: جنگل های شیاده و دیوا) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
اکوسیستم جنگل از مهم ترین ثروت های طبیعی هر کشور به شمار می آید که کارکردها و خدمات مختلفی را برای بشر فراهم می کند. لذا شناخت کارکردها و خدمات اکوسیستم جنگل، تعیین ارزش اقتصادی آنها و بررسی ترجیحات جوامع جهت حفاظت از آنها باید هدف اساسی فعالیت های انسان قرار گیرد. از این رو هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی ترجیحات و تمایل به پرداخت جوامع بومی برای حفاظت اکوسیستم جنگلی شیاده و دیوا از توابع شهرستان بابل واقع در استان مازندران با استفاده از روش ارزشگذاری آزمون انتخاب است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل 150 خانوار بومی روستاهای حاشیه جنگل های شیاده و دیوا می باشد. در این مطالعه داده های پژوهش به صورت پیمایش میدانی و از طریق نمونه گیری تصادفی در تابستان 1399 توسط جوامع بومی منطقه تکمیل و جمع آوری گردید. متغیرهای اجتماعی - اقتصادی در این تحقیق شامل هشت متغیر سن، تأهل، جنسیت، شغل، بعُد خانوار، تحصیلات، درآمد و مخارج خانوار بوده است که اثر این متغیرها بر میزان تمایل به پرداخت جوامع مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این مطالعه، تمایل به پرداخت افراد برای حفاظت اکوسیستم جنگلی منطقه با روش آزمون انتخاب و مدل رگرسیونی لاجیت شرطی برآورد گردید. برای راستی آزمایی مدل لاجیت شرطی، آزمون استقلال بین گزینه های نامرتبط (IIA) به کمک آماره هاسمن- مک فادن انجام شد. همچنین جهت بررسی تأثیر متغیرهای اجتماعی- اقتصادی بر روی میزان تمایل به پرداخت از مدل لاجیت چندجمله ای استفاده گردید. در این پژوهش پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ (87/0) محاسبه شد. تمایل به پرداخت هر خانوار برای حفظ اکوسیستم جنگلی شیاده و دیوا جهت ارائه خدمات تنظیمی، زیستگاهی و اطلاعاتی از وضعیت فعلی به وضعیت بهبود به ترتیب برابر با 86/1120، 25/630 و 49/1026 ریال در ماه به دست آمد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد تمایل به پرداخت جوامع بومی جهت حفاظت اکوسیستم جنگل برای ارائه خدمات تنظیمی و بهبود آن در اولین اولویت قرار دارد و خدمات زیستگاهی و اطلاعاتی جایگاه های بعدی را به خود اختصاص دادند. لذا خدمات تنظیمی مهم ترین خدمات اکوسیستمی جنگل از نظر جوامع بومی منطقه شناخته شده است. همچنین، میزان تمایل به پرداخت نهایی جوامع بومی به ازای هر خانوار 04/33329 ریال در سال (42/2777 ریال برای هر خانوار در ماه) محاسبه شد.Evaluating Native Communities Preferences for Conservation of Forest Ecosystem (Case Study: Shiyadeh and Diva Forests)
Introduction The forest ecosystem is one of the most important natural resources of any country, which provides various functions and services for human beings. Therefore, recognizing the functions and services related to the forest and determining the most appropriate valuation method for them is of particular importance. Also, the continuation of using the functions and services of forests requires programs to protect and improve their environmental status. This issue itself requires the participation of stakeholders and finding out about their preferences for forest ecosystem protection and valuing them. But estimating the real value of some functions, ecosystem services and developing appropriate mechanisms to obtain their economic value requires economic valuation methods using non-market methods. Although there are different interpretations of the economic valuation methods of functions and services forest ecosystems but among the various valuation methods, economists have more emphasis on the value of money that is estimated through stated preferences. One of these methods to estimate the stated preferences is the Choice Experiment. Materials and Methods The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) of native communities for the conservation of Shiadeh and Diva forest ecosystems of Babol city located in Mazandaran province using the evaluation Choice Experiment (CE) method. The Choice Experiment is a subset of the choice modeling method and the stated preference method family. Choice modeling is based on Lancaster's value theory and random utility theory. Also, Shiadeh and Diva forests are one of the green areas with all kinds of forest covers, plants and valuable trees and as one of the useful and valuable resources for the residents of the region. These forests play an important role in the lives of the forest dwellers, herdsmen and villagers on its outskirts. Also, Shiadeh and Diva forests because of the presence of natural forest ecosystem, beautiful landscapes, unique vegetation and diverse animal species, as well as special human and cultural effects, are always one of the centers of interest. This forest ecosystem is very valuable and can provide services for the residents of this area. Therefore, in this study, the statistical population of the study includes 150 native households in the villages of Shiadeh and Diva forests. In the study, research data were completed and collected by field sampling in the summer of 2020 by native communities of the region. Socio-economic variables include eight variables: age, marriage, gender, job, household size, education, income and household expenditure. The effect of these variables on the WTP of communities was surveyed. In this study, the WTP of individuals for the forest ecosystems conservation was estimated by the CE method and conditional logit model. To validate the conditional logit model, the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) was performed using Hassman-McFadden statistic. Also, a multinomial logit model was used to investigate the effect of socio-economic variables on the WTP. Results and Discussion In this study, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test and was obtained as α=0.87, which indicates its reliability. WTP of each household for the conservation of Shiadeh and Diva forest ecosystem services, including regulatory, habitat and information services, from the status quo to the improvement situation was equal to 1020.68, 630.25 and 1026.49 thousand Rials per month, respectively. The study results showed that WTP native communities for the forest ecosystem conservation to provide regulatory services and its improvement is the first priority, and habitat and information services took the next positions. Conclusion The aim of this study was to evaluate the preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) of native communities for the conservation of Shiadeh and Diva forest ecosystem using the evaluation Choice Experiment (CE) method. In general, it can be concluded that regulatory services was the most important forest ecosystem services in terms of native communities in the region. Also, the final WTP of native communities' estemated at 33329.04 Rials per year (2777.42 Rials per household per month).Therefore, considering the great importance of the regulatory services of Shiadeh and Diwa forest ecosystem, such as water protection, soil protection, carbon sequestration and climate regulation, etc., it is suggested that relevant institutions such as the country natural resources and watershed management organization, the general department of natural resources of the province Mazandaran, regional water organization and agricultural Jahad organization allocate the necessary investments for the protection of Shiadeh and Diwa forests, and implementation of projects such as forest management projects, water protection, soil protection, species protection flora and fauna of the region projects, etc.
تبلیغات
