بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر پارامترهای اقلیمی حوضه ی آبخیز تویسرکان به کمک مدل های گردش عمومی جو (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تغییر اقلیم تأثیر زیادی بر تمامی ابعاد زندگی بشر گذاشته است. از جمله تأثیرات محسوسی که تغییر اقلیم داشته است، کاهش منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی کشور بوده که دستخوش تغییراتی زیادی شده است. تغییرات اقلیمی بر میزان، زمان و نوع بارش، تأثیر در کیفیت آب، باعث افزایش خشکسالی، افزایش تقاضا برای آب، تغییر در نوع مدیریت منابع آب و همچنین افزایش سطح آب دریاها و مشکلات ناشی از آن می شود. تغییر اقلیم بر دامنه ی تغییرات دمایی نیز تأثیرات زیادی داشته است به طوری که بر مقادیر حد نهایی دمای کمینه و بیشینه مؤثر بوده و دامنه ی تغییرات دمایی را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. بنابراین هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی آثار تغییر اقلیم بر بارش، دمای کمینه و بیشینه به ک مک 15 مدل گردش عم ومی جو تحت دو س ناریوی A1B و B1 در دوره ی 2039-2011 می باشد. به این منظور با استفاده از توزیع آماری بتا تغییرات بارش، دمای کمینه و بیشینه استخراج شده از 15 مدل گردش عمومی جو، در احتمال وقوع 20، 50 و 80 درصد محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که از احتمال وقوع 20 به 80 درصد تحت هر دو سناریوی A1B و B1 دمای کمینه و بیشینه در حال اف زایش و بارش در حال کاهش می باشد. دمای کمینه و بیشینه تحت سناریوی A1B بیشتر از سناریوی B1 افزایش یافته است و بارش تحت تأثیر سناریوی B1 نسبت به سناریویA1B بیشتر کاهش یافته است. در نهایت نتایج نشان داد که بارش 19 تا 22% کاهش و دمای کمینه 13 تا 20% و دمای بیشینه 2/4 تا 6/4 درصد نسبت به دوره ی پایه در حوضه ی آبخیز تویسرکان افزایش یافته است.The Impact of Climate Change on the Climatic Parameters in Tuyserkan Catchment Using General Circulation Models
Extended Introduction Climate change has a huge impact on all aspects of human life. Some of its impacts can be reduction in the surface and ground water resources of the country, changing the amount, timing, and type of precipitation, and influencing water quality. It can also lead to the increased droughts, increased demand for water, changes in the management of water resources, sea level rise and its complications, and extreme maximum and minimum temperatures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the climate change on rainfall and minimum and maximum temperatures using 15 atmospheric general circulation models under two scenarios, including A1B and B1, between the years 2011-2039. Methodology For this purpose, through the use of beta statistical distribution of rainfall changes and based on the probability of 20, 50 and 80%, the minimum and maximum temperatures, were calculated from 15 general circulation models. Standard errors, absolute errors, and Nash-Sutcliff coefficients were determined for simulated data on the base and the upcoming periods. Next, of the 15 climatic models, the minimum temperature changes (ΔTmin), the maximum temperature changes (ΔTmax), and rainfall variation ratios (ΔP) for A1B and B1 scenarios for 12 months were extracted from the Lars model. The introduction of the climatic scenarios in the family scenarios of the A1 group, a rapidly growing economy and the growth of the population that will peak in the mid-21st century and decline thereafter introduces new and more efficient technologies. In this family, economic issues are more emphasized and opinions are rather global rather than regional. Three different subgroups for group A1 are based on the type of technology used in the 21st century, the intensification of the use of the fossil fuels (A1FI), the use of non-phosphate energy sources (A1T), and the use of fossil and non-fossil sources in a balanced manner (A1B). Results and discussion The results showed that, with the probability of 20 to 80% and under both A1B and B1 scenarios, the minimum and maximum temperatures are rising and the rain is falling. In addition, the increase in the minimum and maximum temperatures under A1B was more than that of the B1 scenario, but the reduction in the precipitation under B1 was more than A1B. The results also showed 19 to 22% decrease in precipitation, minimum temperature of 13 to 20%, and a maximum temperature of 2.4 to 6.4% compared to the baseline of the Tuyserkan catchment. In Table 1, the percentage change in climatic parameters under the influences of A1B and B1 scenarios and in relation to the base curriculum is presented. Under A1B scenario, and with the probability of the occurrence of 80%, there is 19.1% decrease in precipitation, 4.6% increase in maximum temperature, and 20% increase in minimum temperature in future periods. In addition, under B1 scenario and with the probability of occurrence of 80%, there is 22% decrease in precipitation, 13% increase in minimum temperature, and 4.2% increase in maximum temperature. Table (1) Assessment of the percentage change in climate parameters relative to the base curve Scenarios Probability of occurrence Precipitation (%) T_max (%) T_min(%) A1B 20 -3.8 1 7.2 50 -13.7 2.8 14.5 80 -19.7 4.6 20 B1 20 1.5 -0.9 7 50 -20 1.5 7.7 80 -22 4.2 13 Conclusion Generally, it can be argued that the climate change in future periods will increase the minimum and maximum temperatures and reduce the rainfall in Tuyserkan Plain. Consequently, these changes in temperature and precipitation will affect plain water resources. The most important of change is the change in the seasonal precipitation pattern and temperature rise in cold seasons. These changes will also have a significant impact on the region's cropping pattern, as the dryland cultivation is limited, due to the reduced rainfall, and its time will vary with time variations.
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