After the collapse of the Soviet Union, different views have been introduced regarding the role of Islam in Central Asia and the Caucasus, depending on the historical context of the communist system and its collapse. The main question of this article is whether in the Central Asia and Caucasus region, radical Islam has intellectual and philosophical foundations or not. The hypothesis of this article is: "Radicalism has grown since the collapse of the Soviet Union, due to socio-economic crises, and also due to the influence of foreigners that is coincided with the identity crisis." On the other hand, in the post-Soviet era, we see that in Central Asia and the Caucasus, the religious tradition is redefined along with national and historical heritage and become as an element of legitimizing a system.
