مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Geopolitics


۲۱.

The U.S. Tremendous Strategy to Counter the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Biden Government: From de-Geopolitical Policy to de-Legitimacy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Contemporary Research on the Islamic Revolution, Volume ۴, Issue ۱۲, Spring ۲۰۲۲ 125 - 147

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopolitics Smart power de-Legitimacy USA Iran Middle East

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۷
Iran and the United States have experienced hostile and tense relations since the occupation of the U.S. Embassy in 1358. During this time, the White House has not given up on any attempt to change the government in Tehran. The main question is ‘What is the tremendous strategy of the United States to counter the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Biden era?’ The central hypothesis is the U.S. has two new strategies confronting Iran: de-geopolitics abroad and de-legitimacy inside. The present study aimed to analyze these two strategies. The results indicated that according to the teachings of Smart War, the U.S. has two goals for these actions; first, a sinusoidal and erosional process aimed at deprivation and discrediting of the Iranian political system in internal and external levels (de-legitimacy and surrender). The depletion of Iran's strategic and geopolitical capacity in the region to remove power tools from it (weakening to surrender or change the regime).
۲۲.

Investigating the Impact of Economic Sanctions on the Iran-Afghanistan Trade from (2004-2018)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۶, Issue ۱ , Winter ۲۰۲۲ 29 - 60

کلیدواژه‌ها: Co-integration fully modified least square Geopolitics Gravity Model Sanction

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۱ تعداد دانلود : ۹۶
Iran and Afghanistan share deep historical, cultural and civilizational ties. Iran is one of Afghanistan’s largest trading partners. However, economic sanctions have disrupted bilateral trade between these two neighboring countries through various channels. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the impact of economic sanctions on trade between Iran and Afghanistan in the period 2004-2018 by applying the Gravity Model, while the estimation is performed using fully modified least-squares technique. Findings of the research indicate that the imposition of any strong economic sanctions, in the long run, not only during the sanctions period but also in the post-sanctions period, has increased trade between Iran and Afghanistan. On the other hand, weak sanctions during the sanctions period have reduced trade; nevertheless, weak sanctions in the post-sanctions period have increased bilateral trade. Development of trade cooperation between the two countries, facilitation of trade affairs and expansion of joint regional and international cooperation should be on the agenda of economic policymakers in Iran and Afghanistan.
۲۳.

Geopolitics and Geoeconomics of the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Conflict: Analysis of Turkey’s Policy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال هجدهم زمستان ۱۴۰۱ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۶۸) 94 - 115

کلیدواژه‌ها: Eastern Mediterranean Geopolitics Geo-economics Rivalry Turkey

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۰
This study reviews the relationship between geopolitics and geo-economics of the Eastern Mediterranean gas resources and Turkey’s perspective on it. The dispute over the region’s resources has entered a dangerous phase in 2019, and the coastal countries are trying to discover new gas resources in areas that overlap with other countries’ marine basins. This has caused a new conflict in the region at two levels. The first level is the dispute between Turkey and Greece over the Cyprus issue, which has also been drawn to this issue. The second one is the fierce geopolitical rivalry between Turkey and other coastal actors such as Egypt and Israel. For showing its decisiveness, Turkey signed a maritime border agreement with Libya in 2019 to neutralize its rivals on the gas issue. In this context, it may be asked, what does motivate the Turkish authorities in their strict policies towards the Eastern Mediterranean? According to the findings, Turkey is trying to take legal-political and military steps to faze the unity of rivals, and this has enabled the Turkish authorities to project and adapt their power in order to enhance their role and presence in the region.
۲۴.

The policies of Russian Regionalism and the Eurasian Economic Union(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال هجدهم زمستان ۱۴۰۱ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۶۸) 177 - 201

کلیدواژه‌ها: Eurasianism Eurasian Economic Union Regionalism Regional Integration Geopolitics

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۳
Regionalism and regional integration are among the central doctrines of states to strengthen and develop themselves in the new age. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the power vacuum, Russia sought to rebuild the regional order and reshape the regional geopolitical system in Eurasia. From the beginning of the Vladimir Putin era (1999), Eurasianisism became the focus of Russian foreign policy. The most crucial strategy of Russian Eurasianism became Eurasian Regionalism. After several stages of the regionalism process (Eurasian Economic Community, Single Economic Market, Customs Union), Russia finally succeeded in establishing the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) consisting of Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan in early 2015. The EAEU is the most developed institution of regional economic integration among post-Soviet states. The objective of this study is to evaluate Russia’s regionalism policies and explain Russia’s intentions to establish the EAEU in the new era. The research results show that the first priority of Moscow from the establishing of the Eurasian Economic Union is security, political and geopolitical issues. Otherwise, economically, this Union does not have a significant achievement for Russia. The member states of This Union are not an appropriate economic complement to each other.  
۲۵.

Conceptualization of Geo-security as an Interdisciplinary Approach (Case Study: Neighboring Countries of Iran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال هجدهم زمستان ۱۴۰۱ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۶۸) 314 - 338

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geo-security Geopolitics Iran Foreign policy Middle East

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۰۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۴
As an academic field in the study of politics through geographic and naturalistic approaches, geopolitics gives various explanations to political phenomena. In addition, security studies are a new sub-branch of international relations that deals with security issues. Geo-security is a new interdisciplinary field of study that deals with the security of geographic relations between countries. It is a sub-concept of geopolitics. In an attempt to analyze geo-security, you can see that it consists of three main concepts: territoriality, conflict, and scarcity. Borrowed from geopolitics, social science, and economics, these concepts emphasize continuum relations of nation-states from war to peaceful settlements. Conceptualization of geo-security necessarily needs to claim that it can make a new understanding of relations among nations. The present research aims to analyze Iran’s foreign policy towards its neighboring countries. The findings not only show all the main issues about Iran’s relations with its neighbors, but also help to manage these relations and make a shift from a conflictual approach to a cooperative one.
۲۶.

A Geopolitical Approach to the City; with Emphasis on the Central Elements of Power and Competition(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال هجدهم زمستان ۱۴۰۱ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۶۸) 360 - 382

کلیدواژه‌ها: Power Competition Geopolitics City Urban Geopolitics

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۶
Many scholars believe that the city is a social innovation whose size, location, and internal organization are in terms of "power"; And many changes in the structure and role-playing of the city are due to the mobility of "citizens". The shape and appearance of the city, like the country, represents the pressure from the bottom up. Therefore, urban space processes have very low effects on the whole of politics, especially political development Competitiveness is one of the important issues that has been emphasized in urban literature in recent years and in this regard, different perspectives on the determinants of competitiveness have been presented. As a geographical phenomenon, the city has an effective role in power games and constitutes the most important spatial level of stress, action and competition in the present age. The present fundamental research with descriptive-analytical method express the fact that the necessary fields for their geopolitical study have been provided by creating a competitive environment and promoting the domestic and international competitiveness level of metropolises. Hence, an urban-scale geopolitics has made cities important actors in different geographical areas. The results of this study show that there is a relationship between the effectiveness of the roles of a place and the geographical area with its "power". That is, as the roles have more extensive and in other words the broader function, the power of geographic location increases, like global cities. Indeed, the phenomenon of the city is studied and investigated in various dimensions, with emphasis on the central elements of politics, power and competition.
۲۷.

The Impact of Geopolitical tourism on Convergence of Space political units (Case Study: Iran-Azarbayejan)

نویسنده:
منبع: Tourism and Hospitality Research, Volume ۴, Issue ۱, Summer ۲۰۱۵ 59 - 75

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopolitics Tourism geopolitical tourism Convergence Iran and Azerbaijan

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۷
Vicinity in its various dimensions (Geographical, Political, cultural and etc ) has Fundamental importance in convergence and common understanding of the political units. This factor led to Convergence and sustainable security in various aspects of economic, socio-cultural and environmental . Therefore, Health infrastructure, cultural heritage, economic interests and ... have important from the perspective of Geopolitical tourism . Accordingly, this study has raised the question that is the geographic proximities such as Geographical neighbors, Identity – historical, Common cultural heritage, Health, environmental problems, economic interests, political and etc, in relation to Iran and Azarbayejan (Geopolitical tourism) of the two countries can be  resulted in sustainable convergence and security. Explaining the question has been done by the Analytical - Descriptive method and the collection of Data and Information have been done by library study . The results show that in the world of highly evolved, that threats Show themselves In newer dimensions day by day, Geopolitical Tourism can determine the convergence And common understanding between political units - Space of geopolitical contexts. In the meantime, whatever this proximities more and deeper, Tourism geopolitical power as a parameter in the field of convergence and convergence of political - space units - would be more practical. Since the two countries of Iran and Azerbaijan have a variety of cultural, social, environmental, economic interests, etc proximities, Geopolitical Tourism can provide the contexts of shared understanding and the convergence between the two countries.
۲۸.

The Impact of Geopolitical tourism on Convergence of Space political units (Case Study: Iran-Azarbayejan)

نویسنده:
منبع: Tourism and Hospitality Research, Volume ۴, Issue ۴, Spring & Summer ۲۰۱۶ 81 - 97

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopolitics Tourism geopolitical tourism Convergence Iran and Azerbaijan

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۱۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۲
Vicinity in its various dimensions (Geographical, Political, cultural and etc ) has Fundamental importance in convergence and common understanding of the political units. This factor led to Convergence and sustainable security in various aspects of economic, socio-cultural and environmental . Therefore, Health infrastructure, cultural heritage, economic interests and ... have important from the perspective of Geopolitical tourism . Accordingly, this study has raised the question that is the geographic proximities such as Geographical neighbors, Identity – historical, Common cultural heritage, Health, environmental problems, economic interests, political and etc, in relation to Iran and Azarbayejan (Geopolitical tourism) of the two countries can be resulted in sustainable convergence and security. Explaining the question has been done by the Analytical - Descriptive method and the collection of Data and Information have been done by library study . The results show that in the world of highly evolved, that threats Show themselves In newer dimensions day by day, Geopolitical Tourism can determine the convergence And common understanding between political units - Space of geopolitical contexts. In the meantime, whatever this proximities more and deeper, Tourism geopolitical power as a parameter in the field of convergence and convergence of political - space units - would be more practical. Since the two countries of Iran and Azerbaijan have a variety of cultural, social, environmental, economic interests, etc proximities, Geopolitical Tourism can provide the contexts of shared understanding and the convergence between the two countries.
۲۹.

Geopolitical features of Iran and formulation of a national strategy with an emphasis on foreign policy

نویسنده:
منبع: Tourism and Hospitality Research, Volume ۶, Issue ۱, Autumn ۲۰۱۸ 5 - 32

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopolitics international system diplomacy transregional

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۸ تعداد دانلود : ۸۰
Iran is in one of the most sensitive geopolitical situations in the world, so that the active geopolitical regions with its broad and diverse functions around it have become the focus of gravity of regional and international diplomacy. This situation is affecting Iran in the context of global and regional developments. The geopolitical position of countries over time and under the influence of various factors such as wars, revolutions, changes in the international system and the global system, and changes in the balance of power are constantly changing. Iran has been one of the countries in which its geopolitics has undergone many changes over the past four decades, whose causes can be found in a variety of internal and external geopolitical factors. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical research methodology and libraries to investigate the process of changes in the geopolitical situation in Iran before and after the Islamic Revolution and the imposed war on how and why the process is deeply rooted. The reasoning behind the present article is that the process of Iranian geopolitical developments has been very rapid and in recent decades has been more influenced by the process of internal transformation of Iran's society and internal power potentials, and external and national factors have played a secondary role in this process
۳۰.

Critical Attitude to the Function of Capital in the Urban Space of a Geopolitical Aspect(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال نوزدهم تابستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۰) 22 - 40

کلیدواژه‌ها: Urban Space Geopolitics Capital the Political Economy of Space

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۶
From the geopolitics point of view, the city is considered a geographic space that a variety range of actors competes with each other for achieving power and benefits, and in this proceeding, economy and capital are in the spotlight. It can be said function of capital in urban space is much-expanded that causing the formation of contesting, so capital is studied in urban geopolitics. For this reason, capital is the major issue of this study and authors have tried to show how capital affects the spaces of urban geography with a critical approach. Ontologically, this study is descriptive-analytical research and has used library methodology to achieve the goals. Results demonstrate which, from a critical geopolitics point of view urban space is an important focus for presenting the appearance of spatial political economy, which in its framework a collection of spatial proceedings and functions of capital, is recognizable and displayable.
۳۱.

Back to Geopolitics: The Problem of Ignoring Iran's Geopolitics(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال نوزدهم تابستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۰) 220 - 246

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopolitics Ideology Iran Islamic revolution Political Islam international system

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۸
Looking at the studies and analyses conducted in the field of Iran's issues with the world, we see the ignorance of Iran's geopolitical aspect. The concern of the present study is why Iran, despite its geopolitical importance, is always analyzed in terms of ideology and political Islam in the international arena? However, given the current geopolitical components and even its future geopolitical advantages, Iran has a potential and actual position and importance at the regional and international levels. The purpose of this study is, first, to highlight the more deliberate neglect of Iran's geopolitical aspect as an existing problem and to show some of its most important effects, and second, to highlight the geopolitical nature of Iran. The data collection method is descriptive-analytical, and they have been analyzed in the framework of the theory of "Geopolitics: The Impact of Politics on Geography" and the analytical framework of "Hermeneutics of Reflection". Based on the analysis of the effects of Iran's geopolitical neglect and with a look at the historical course (contemporary history), the research findings are a set of "historical" and "geopolitical" symbols and signs revealing the importance and determination of Iran's geopolitics, its precedence on political, ideological, cultural aspects, and the error of degradation in terms of geoculture. The result of this study is to ignore Iran's geopolitical aspect, reduce Iran's effective acting power in the international arena by introducing it more as an ideological actor, and put all the pressure on the Islamic Revolution, political Islam and the Islamic State.
۳۲.

Geopolitical Analysis of Border and Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Maritime Policy, Volume ۲, Issue ۵, Spring ۲۰۲۲ 19 - 55

کلیدواژه‌ها: Border South Sea China USA Geopolitics

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۴
The South China Sea, along with the Korean Peninsula and the Taiwan Strait, is described as one of the three hotspots in East Asia because of its potential for conflict of interest and threat to peace and security. Therefore, the issue of its borders is of international importance. As a quasi-closed sea, it is home to numerous small islands and cliffs, as well as abundant living and non-marine reserves, as well as providing key maritime routes for commercial navigation. For these reasons, the sea has become the target of conflict between coastal countries and its neighbors. In this sea, the main issues in dispute are: 1- Border disputes over the determination of the lines of origin, the boundaries of the territorial seas and also the exclusive economic zone2. Territorial disputes over several islands, including the Paracel and Spratly archipelagos. Because of its superior power, as well as some unproven historical claims, China sets the nine-dash as the final line of its sovereignty, some of which extend as far as the coastal sea. The United States and the countries bordering the South China Sea strongly oppose this, as well as China's historic claims. The littoral states of the South China Sea consider the historic claims and the nine-dash claimed by the Chinese government to be contrary to the laws of the UN Convention. The United States, as a trans-regional player, also provides diverse support to coastal countries. In this research, with a descriptive analytical approach and using new sources, the disputed issues between the claiming countries have been studied and the role of the United States in terms of geopolitical competition has been analyzed.
۳۳.

Maritime Defense Diplomacy of Maritime Powers in the Indian Ocean Based on Their Presence in The Region(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Maritime Policy, Volume ۲, Issue ۸, Wintert ۲۰۲۳ 91-114

کلیدواژه‌ها: Naval Power Indian Ocean -Defense Diplomacy Geopolitics

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۶
The Indian Ocean is Considered One of The Most Important and Sensitive Regions of The World, And for This Reason, Maintaining Its Security Is Very Important. The Amazing Economic Growth of Southeast and East Asian Countries Such as China, India and Japan in World Trade on The One Hand and The Special Role of The Persian Gulf and Iran as An Energy Supplying Region (Oil and Gas) On the Other Hand Show the Importance of The Indian Ocean as A Strategic Region to Connect These Two the Area Has Grown to Hundreds. The Role of This Geopolitical Region in Providing Energy, The Existence of Busy Straits, The Mass Consumer Market and The Presence of Powers with High Economic Growth Have Led to The Increasing Importance of The Global Position and The Change in The Balance of Maritime Power in It. This Research Was Done with Analytical and Descriptive Method Using Library and Documentary Sources and The Results Show That the Scene of The Indian Ocean Is of Great Importance Due to Its Key Role in Maritime Trade and This Has Made the Indian Ocean the Place the World's Major Maritime Powers Are Competing and Each Has Its Own Diplomacy in This Region.
۳۴.

Iran-Russia Relations after the Ukraine War(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات بین المللی سال ۲۰ پاییز ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۸) 81 - 101

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Russia Ukraine USA Geopolitics international system

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۲ تعداد دانلود : ۶۱
Russia's military attack on Ukraine has had profound consequences not only for the Middle East, but also for the world. The political-security relations of the two countries, have been affected by this war. Since the beginning of Russia's military operation in Ukraine, Tehran has accepted Moscow's rationale for this attack and has shown its political support at the United Nations General Assembly, but Iran has been cautious in fully supporting this war. Iran's approach regarding the war in Ukraine is important in two ways. First, Iran's orientation towards this war affects Tehran's relations with Moscow. Second, this orientation affects Iran's interests in the international system. For this reason, the main question of this article is "What was Iran's attitude towards the war in Ukraine and how did it affect the relations between Tehran and Moscow?" The hypothesis of the authors is that "Iran's approach towards the war in Ukraine has been cautious - it has neither officially condemned nor supported the Russian invasion of Ukraine - this policy is aimed at maintaining and continuing the relations between the two countries. The purpose of this article is to examine the orientations of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the war in Ukraine and its effect on the country's relations with Russia. The authors' method in this research is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach.
۳۵.

Assessing the Regional Policies and Geopolitical Convergence of Iran-Russia in the Eurasian Economic Union(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۱۹ زمستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۷۲) 268 - 289

کلیدواژه‌ها: Eurasian Economic Union Geopolitics Regional Policies Convergence Iran Russia

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۳ تعداد دانلود : ۵۲
اThis paper discusses the regional policies of Russia and Iran and examines their role and relationship with the Eurasian Economic Union. The data required for the research was obtained from international organizations and the research has done by descriptive-analytical method from a critical view. The Islamic Republic of Iran, which had been excluded for four decades from regionalism processes and membership in regional organizations of East and West, recently has followed cooperation and convergence with the Eurasian Economic Union (and The Shanghai Cooperation Organization). Signing the Interim Free Trade Agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Eurasian Economic Union in May 2018 was an essential step for Iran to enter the regional arrangements. The USA withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), extensive USA sanctions against Iran in Trap’s administration (maximum pressure), and Russia's geopolitical dilemma and western sanctions have led Russia and Iran to cooperate within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union as a geopolitical necessity. In this context, the present paper analyzes influential factors that have fostered bilateral relations between the two countries and the EEU-Iran. The results show that despite the economic name of the Agreement, its political and geopolitical goals are the main priority for the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The absence of economic complementary, distrust, and political and geopolitical challenges are significant obstacles to this Agreement and relationship.
۳۶.

The Causes of Ineffectiveness of US Sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the Political, Economic and Geopolitical Components(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۱۹ زمستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۷۲) 314 - 337

کلیدواژه‌ها: Sanctions Iran America effectiveness Geopolitics Economy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۸۴ تعداد دانلود : ۳۱۰
Sanctions have been used as a foreign policy tool since the post-World War II as an alternative means to war, to change governments or switch their behavior. From that period until now, the methods of imposing sanctions have become distinctive  and complicated. Additionally, sanctions have become increasingly smarter day by day. The history of sanctions imposed by the United States of America against the Islamic Republic of Iran dates back to the first year after the victory of the Islamic Revolution (1980). The sanctions imposed against Iran are among the most durable and at the same time the most extensive ones imposed against the government and people of any country in terms of duration, scope and methods of application. The general conclusions are that the application of sanctions against Iran, even with different goals, produced sufficient impact during the long time of their application, resulting in economic losses, great people’s suffering and relative isolation of Iran.However, it did not achieve the intended goals previously defined as basis for their application.  In this article, assuming the ineffectiveness of the sanctions (considering the failure to change of change in the government/behavior of the Islamic Republic of Iran as the main goals of the United States, we seek to investigate the reasons for this ineffectiveness. In this article, by introducing the components and examples of political, economic, technological factors and geopolitical advantages the arguments for the ineffectiveness of the American sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran have been presented. Qualitative document analysis constitutes the research method applied in this article.
۳۷.

Comparative Study of the Concept of Look East in the Foreign Policy of Iran and India(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۴) 134 - 150

کلیدواژه‌ها: Look East policy India Iran Geo-economy Geopolitics

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۱ تعداد دانلود : ۴۸
During the post-Cold War era, while western countries continued to exert their influence on the world stage, Indian and Iranian officials turned their focus to the East. They introduced the Look East Policy and Look to the East Policy respectively, with the aim of leveraging the political, economic, cultural, geographical, and security opportunities available in that region. By adopting these policies, both India and Iran sought to deepen their engagement with countries in East and Southeast Asia, diversify their trade and investment portfolios, and reduce their dependence on western nations. The objective of this article is to analyze India and Iran's Look East Policy and Look to the East Policy, with a focus on their outcomes for national well-being, security, and the potential in the economic, political, and security domains with respect to Eastern countries. To do so, researchers primarily discuss the importance of the Look East Policy in the foreign policy of both India and Iran and discuss why this region comes to the center with full-fledged attention. Furthermore, they scrutinize the accomplishments of India and Iran as well as the structural barriers they encounter in the region, along with their approaches to pursuing their objectives and interests in the area. This article presents an analysis of the constraints, difficulties, and successes of the Look East policy.  
۳۸.

Analyzing Geopolitical Relationship of Iran and Pakistan(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۴) 350 - 372

کلیدواژه‌ها: Pak-Iran relations Taliban Geopolitics

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۵ تعداد دانلود : ۶۰
Pak-Iran relations are of great importance for both states. There have been some stumbling blocks in bilateral relations: India-Iran ties, Sectarianism, Jundullah, and the Taliban are all factors that have harmed relations in the post-9/11 era. However, the changing regional dynamics provide for opportunities following the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan. This research looks into the factors that did not allow the relationship to grow altogether despite the existing potential in the post-9/11 period. The growing India-Iran ties, their North-South Transport Corridor, and the Indian plan to include Chabahar in it are causing concern in Islamabad. This mistrust needs to be bridged to augment cooperation. Moreover, the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan and the China-Iran comprehensive cooperation agreement are good developments for both Pakistan and Iran to turn the relationship into a closer partnership. The changing dynamics in the region provide opportunities for both the states to adopt.