مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

philosophy


۱.

The Need for the Dualist View to Combat Extremism(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز و زمستان ۱۳۹۴ شماره ۱۷

کلیدواژه‌ها: Dualism extremism behaviour the middle way philosophy

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تعداد بازدید : ۷۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۳۳۴
This paper argues that we will never get rid of the extremist mentality unless the dualist view prevails and is taught as part of the educational system. The dualist view takes account of both sides of an argument whereas the extremist view promotes one side unequivocally without considering the merits of the opposing view. The merits of the dualist view can be taught in schools so that everyone learns to recognise that mentality when it is evident not only in other people’s behaviour but also in their own thinking about things. The dualist view is a flexible one involving trial-and-error processes as we work our way through life. That view is contrasted with the monist view that focuses on one point of view to the exclusion of all others. The extremist’s view is usually monistic and is intolerable of views that contradict or dispute their dogmatic view of things. This paper therefore examines these two contrasting views. It outlines the spectrum between monist and dualist ways of thinking, and it concludes that systematic form of dualism is possible that takes the middle way between the extremes of dogmatic and sceptical thinking. Only through dualist studies will the dualist view be more thoroughly developed, as is outlined here.
۲.

A new philosophy of man and humanism(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۳۹۷ شماره ۲۴ 201 - 218

کلیدواژه‌ها: philosophy Anthropology domain unto itself Interdisciplinary reflection

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۸۶ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۳
The theoretical basis for the new philosophy was laid by the American philosopher James Joseph Dagenais (1923-1981), who came to the conclusion that philosophical anthropology is not a science, but a domain unto itself, and that a philosophy of man can only come about as a joint undertaking of all sciences, in which the object of study must be man himself. The final explanation of man lies outside all possible scientific views that have ever been formulated, because they lie within the origins of every branch of science, including the science of philosophy. It is the final ground on which the philosophies, of any nature whatsoever, can be practised implicitly or explicitly.  The methods of a post-modern philosophical anthropology will have to be based on reflection, on the claim that it is possible to debate differences and contrasts on reasonable grounds, and on the individual responsibility for the decisions we all make for ourselves in respect of changes in body and mind. A post-modern version of Sartre’s creed: man is and always will be what he makes of himself. I have given philosophical anthropology a new concrete substance on the basis of the definition of Jim Dagenais: “a consistent overall vision of man and his world”, so that it can serve as the basis for philosophy and thus as the foundation for human life.
۳.

Postmodernism, Philosophy and Literature(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۳۹۷ شماره ۲۴ 271 - 285

کلیدواژه‌ها: Postmodernism Modernism philosophy Literature Self relativism

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تعداد بازدید : ۵۰۰ تعداد دانلود : ۴۰۲
No special definite definition does exist for postmodernism however it has had an inordinate effect on art, architecture, music, film, literature, philosophy, sociology, communications, fashion, and technology. The main body of this work can be seen as an admiration and reverence for the values and ideals associated with postmodern philosophy as well as postmodern literature. , I have argued that postmodern has mainly influenced philosophy and literature and they are recognized and praised for their multiplicity. Postmodernism might seem exclusive in its work, its emphasis on multiplicity and the decentered subject makes very uncomfortable reading for traditional theorists or philosophers. It rejects western values and beliefs as only small part of the human experience and it rejects such ideas, beliefs, culture and norms of the western. Integrity is fragmented apart into unharmonious narratives which lead to a shattering of identity and an overall breakdown of any idea of the self. Relativism and Self- reflexivity have replaced self-confidence due to the postmodern belief that all representation distorts reality. I have also referred that in a sense; postmodernism is a part of modernism we find the instantaneous coexistence of these two methods of expression and thinking, especially in visual arts and literature.
۴.

That Philosophy as Epistemological-Based is Not Debased: A Critique of Post-Modernist/Hermeneutic Critique of Traditional Philosophy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز و زمستان ۱۳۹۶ شماره ۲۱ 13 - 23

کلیدواژه‌ها: philosophy Epistemology post-modernism hermeneutics

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۹۹
Over the centuries, beginning with the classic Greeks through the trends of the mid-20th century, philosophical enterprise has been intricately and seemingly irretrievably rooted in the theory of the given—an edification of philosophy as that giant mirror and standard for measuring what counts as knowledge; but is it thus synonymous with or reducible to epistemology? How or why? There are two answers to both of these questions. The attempt in this work is to delineate those separate concerns, their areas of convergence and disparity, but also indicated the genesis of edifying philosophy rooted in epistemology but which has been discredited in the works of some post-modernist reformers—Wittgenstein, Heidegger, Dewey, Quine, and Rorty. Against theirs, this piece shows that historically, philosophizing has had a methodology and some perceptual axioms; that it is not easy to abdicate it from this mode, no matter the will and zeal—for success is not a matter of will alone; that the post-modernists revolution is nothing new with its swollen nerves and arteries (as others before it, it soon wanes). It concludes that the urge for philosophic understanding shows no sign of abating and so the philosophical journey will probably go on and on, each stage building on and rewriting its past and ruminating specific but perennial problematic; that while some of the issues seemingly do appear resolved, others may have endured and eloped any final solution; and finally that the philosophical method and basic assumptions have seriously remained firmly even beyond post-modernist restructurers.
۵.

Our confrontation with tragedy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۳۹۸ شماره ۲۸ 59-74

کلیدواژه‌ها: Tragedy philosophy Greek

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۷۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۵
This article attempts to illustrate our confrontation with tragedy in contemporary situation, That is why we are discussing this here in seven issues (Feeding the Ancients with Our Own Blood/ Philosophy’s Tragedy and the Dangerous Perhaps/Knowing and Not Knowing: How Oedipus Brings Down Fate/ Rage, Grief, and War/ Gorgias: Tragedy Is a Deception That Leaves the Deceived Wiser/Than the Nondeceived/Justice as Conflict (for Polytheism)/Tragedy as a Dialectical Mode of Experience). Finally, this article seeks to show that tragedy is a way of experience in our life today.
۶.

The Priority of literature to Philosophy in Richard Rorty(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۳۹۸ شماره ۲۸ 207-219

کلیدواژه‌ها: philosophy literary culture Literature Pragmatism and Rorty

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۳۳ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶۵
In this article, I try to defend the thesis that imagination against reason, moral progress through imagination not the reason, the emergence of literary culture after philosophical culture from Hegel onwards, contingency of language, the usefulness of literature (poetry, novels and stories, etc.) in enhancing empathy with one another and ultimately reducing philosophy to poetry in Richard Rorty's writings point to one thing: the priority of literature to philosophy. The literary or post-physical culture that Rorty defends is opposed to the Enlightenment and the philosophical and religious culture. Rorty prefers literary culture among the religious culture and philosophical culture. The literary culture Rorty envisages is a radically historicist and nominalist one. Rorty’s romanticised version of pragmatism aims precisely at dealing with this literary or post-physical culture or, in generally, the literature.
۷.

Three Different Readings of al-Farabi’s Political Philosophy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: The International Journal of Humanities, Volume ۲۱, Issue ۱ (۲۰۱۴) 117-142
تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۷ تعداد دانلود : ۴۴۵
Addition to historical analyses, three different types of reading of the ideas of al-Farabi have been offered: First, the connection between his ideas and the Greek thought; second, the connection between his ideas and theology, and the relationship that can be established between philosophy and religiousness; and third, the explication of al-Farabi’s ideas on the basis of the crisis (-es) he faced. In the present article the relationship between al-Farabi’s philosophy and Greece, Islam and the social crisis of the time are elaborated on.
۸.

A Comparative Study of the Western and Islamic Philosophical Vision on Divine Illumination from the Philosophical Perspective(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: The International Journal of Humanities, Volume ۲۳, Issue ۴ (۲۰۱۶) 1-29
تعداد بازدید : ۴۱۷ تعداد دانلود : ۹۲۸
The relationship between light and philosophy is one of the oldest issues in the scope of epistemology. In philosophy, presence of light has been manifested as the mystic- philosopher intuition and specific ontological model. The Islamic philosophers have emphasized the divine nature of light. The western philosophers have stressed on the centrality of rationalism besides metaphysical source of knowledge of the universe concurrent with divine reason that manifested in the presence of light. The research method was based on analysis of the philosophical texts of the western and eastern philosophers. The research statistical sample was chosen by analysis of the contents of the opinions of thirty five western philosophers and thirty two Islamic philosophers. The most common components with philosophical nature were three components of divine nature, active intellect and beauty. Two components of divine light manifestation and truth in the western philosophers’ opinions and three components of cognition, necessary being and reveled intellect had the most philosophical nature on the light in the Islamic philosophers’ opinions.
۹.

From Analytic Philosophy to an Ampler and More Flexible Pragmatism(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۳۲ 21 - 28

کلیدواژه‌ها: Pragmatism Innocent Realism philosophy

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳۲
In this interview, which took place in July 2020, Muhammad Asghari, an associate professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Tabriz, asked eleven questions (via email ) to Professor Susan Haack, a distinguished professor of philosophy at the University of Miami. This American philosopher eagerly and patiently emailed me the answers to the questions. The questions in this interview are mainly about analytic philosophy and pragmatist philosophy.This interview was conducted via personal email between me and Professor Susan Haack in July 2020. This interview, which Professor Hawk eagerly accepted, includes eleven questions about her biography and roles of various philosophers in her thought and finally about the influence of the philosophy of pragmatism on her thought. Of course, it goes without saying that the Haack's book Philosophy of Logic in Iran has been translated into Persian and he has published two articles in the quarterly journal of Philosophical Investigations (University of Tabriz) and I also have translated one of her articles into Persian. What was most interesting to me was the influence of pragmatism on Haack's thought that Charles Sanders Pierce, among classical American pragmatists, had as much influence on this philosopher's thought as John Dewey had in Rorty's thought. Here I thank Professor Susan Haack for answering my questions patiently and eagerly.
۱۰.

Philosophy and Corona : A new philosophy of man and humanism(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۳۲ 83 - 94

کلیدواژه‌ها: philosophy Anthropology humanism Capitalism Consumerism pandemic

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳۵
The main objective of human beings as absolute entities is related to our urge for survival, because in a material sense we are not self-supporting, but completely dependent on what nature offers us. In earlier times survival instincts meant that we lived as hunters, guided by our functional antennas (hunger, thirst, fatigue, sexual feelings, etc.). Today, this activity can be described as economically motivated, basically including everything that can be assumed to be serviceable, so it must therefore be construed very broadly – not merely providing in our primary needs, but everything else that is necessary for this. As our human society becomes more complex and more prosperous, secondary activities to attain the primary necessities of life become more comprehensive. In our present day and age they are even so multi-faceted that we can now expect to be occupied with such activity for perhaps the greatest part of life, possibly even without being truly aware of it on a daily basis.
۱۱.

The Historical study and gradual change of Art with the emphasis on theory of End of Art in Hegel's Thought(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۳۲ 303 - 315

کلیدواژه‌ها: absolute beauty dialectic philosophy Art Hegel

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۲۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۳
In Hegel's view art is not just an artistic creation. Art is an introduction to liberation. Today, Hegel's philosophy is a substitute for many challenging issues, and also an obsolete for past points, Hegel interprets works of art with key elements of his philosophy such as "absolute", "freedom" and "consciousness." Hegel divides the history of the transformation of art into three periods of symbolic, classical, and romanticism. But Hegel also mentions classical architecture and romantic architecture, which in fact transforms architecture into an artistic service which come from other types and are not considered independent. This paper examines art and architecture in Hegelian thought and explains the types of art and architecture and their meanings in the eyes of this philosopher. Absolutely undergoes three steps in the process of self-consciousness-art, religion, and philosophy. Art, as the first step of this Trinity, brings absolute liberty directly into the sensible thing. This is a logical necessity and opens the way for ultimate self-awareness of the soul. Hence, epistemic beauty is worthwhile. This view towards beauty or a beautiful issue is an epistemological phenomenon and unmatched in the history of philosophy. The beauty of value is equal to consciousness. Or at least as a prerequisite for knowledge.
۱۲.

An Inextricable Interaction and Interrelationship between Applied Linguistics and Philosophical-linguistics(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۳۲ 357 - 368

کلیدواژه‌ها: semantics pragmatics philosophy Linguistics

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۹
یک رابطه بسیار نزدیک بین زبانشناسی و فلسفه وجود دارد. در طول تاریخ، این دو حوزه تاثیرات بسزایی بر روی هم داشته اند. زبانشناسان همواره تلاش کرده اند تا معنی کلمات را از جهات مختلف بررسی کنند. به همین منوال، فلاسفه همیشه کوشیده اند تا کلمات و معانی آنها را در بافت های پیرامونی و زبانی متعدد بکار ببرند. با توجه به اینکه کلمات و عبارات، تنها ابزار و وسیله فلاسفه برای انتقال افکار و عقایدشان می باشد، آنها کلمات و عبارات را با دقت بسیار بالایی انتخاب و بکار می گیرند. زبانشناسان نیز می کوشند تا این کلمات و عبارات را از جنبه های گوناگون از جمله ساختواژشناسی، معناشناسی و منظورشناسی بررسی کنند. در این مقاله، سعی بر آن است تا کلمات و معانی آنها از منظر معناشناسی و منظورشناسی بررسی شود. در این راستا، برخی مفاهیم کلیدی که نقش بسزایی در فاسفه دارند مانند معنای صریح (معنای هسته ای) و معنای ضمنی (معنای مضاعف، احساسی و نگرشی) مورد بحث و بررسی قرار می گیرند. همچنین، برخی روش های مهم دیگر برای بررسی متون فلسفی بر اساس پیش فرض، انسجام دستور زبانی و انسجام معنایی مورد کنکاش واقع می شوند. امید است که این مقاله بتواند هم برای زبانشناسان و هم برای فلاسفه مفید واقع شود.
۱۳.

Towards a Consensual Definition of Learning: Insights from the Aristotelian Philosophy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory, Volume ۳, Issue ۱۲, Winter ۲۰۲۱ 7 - 18

کلیدواژه‌ها: Educational Psychology learning definition definition theory philosophy Aristotle

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۰
What is learning after all? Being the cornerstone of educational psychology, this question has not lost its appeal since there still is no consensus over it. What makes providing a careful definition of learning important is that such definitions carry important pedagogical implications which might not be equally beneficial. This theoretical paper, therefore, has tried to define learning by a novel interdisciplinary approach through connecting educational psychology to philosophy. It has started with the dilemma of a lack of consensus over the definition of definition itself and the necessity for holding a theory of definition. Consequently, Aristotle’s definition theory has been chosen. To be impartial, it has been contrasted with that adopted by Karl Popper- Aristotle’s major critic. Then, mainstream leaning definitions have been investigated. Their inadequacy has been attributed to their non-adherence to a tenable definition theory. The paper recommends a framework for learning definition studies established by adopting Aristotle’s definition theory and other points discussed. Such a framework constitutes guidelines for future studies. These guidelines give future definition studies direction and coherence and allow us to move away from idiosyncrasies reflecting personal bias and, as such, they can direct us towards developing a consensual definition.
۱۴.

Philosophy, Science, Capitalism and Truth(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۳۶ 36 - 52

کلیدواژه‌ها: science philosophy Capitalism Knowledge truth posthumanism

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۵
Fascinated by the recent scientific progress, even some philosophers today claim that philosophy is dead and that natural sciences (quantum cosmology, cognitive sciences) can answer questions which were once considered a domain of metaphysics: is our universe finite? Do we have free will? etc. The essay tries to problematize this claims by raising a series of questions. First, it is easy to show that modern science itself relies on a series of philosophical propositions. Second, what accounts for the role of science in our world is its link with capitalism. Third, we should distinguish between knowledge and truth: not only philosophy, other discourses (like Marxism or psychoanalysis) also practice a notion of truth which cannot be reduced to knowledge.  
۱۵.

The Interaction of Science and Philosophy in the Present Age Two Dutch Philosophers: Herman Philipse and Hans Achterhuis(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۳۶ 72 - 82

کلیدواژه‌ها: philosophy Anthropology science Communication the playing field of illusion truth Power

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۵
Herman Philipse considers “religious beliefs, faith and religion [to be] incompatible with science or reason”; he defines religion scientifically and specifically rejects religious doctrine. He describes reason “… as the whole of methods of empirical scientific research and critical discursive thinking as they have evolved in the scientific tradition and will continue to develop in the future” and he defines “… the phenomenon of conscience as a mental organ that can be scientifically explained and that makes the religious explanation superfluous …”. Herman Philipse classifies science as the highest in rank, discards religion and sees philosophy, a rational view of the world, as based solely on the sciences. For his subject, Hans Achterhuis “… primarily cites biologists, ethologists and evolutionary psychologists with a philosophical interest” because “they presently have more to offer [him] than do his immediate colleagues”. Furthermore, “… it will be clear that ethologists and sociobiologists are of the opinion that the violent behaviour of human beings must be understood in part from the point of view of the evolutionary history of the sort ….. most philosophers and anthropologists are not aware of this. Their considerations suggest that violence only entered our world together with humankind”. Achterhuis’s choice is a “historic concept of violence”.
۱۶.

Philosophical and Epistemological Foundations of Contextualism in Postmodern Urban design and architecture(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی پاییز ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۳۶ 328 - 343

کلیدواژه‌ها: philosophy Epistemology Contextualism Urban Design and architecture Postmodernism

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۷۵ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۹
In this essay I present a new and empirically-testable strategy for completing quantum mechanics. In recent decades, urban design and architecture disciplines witnessed plenty of theories and school development. Primarily, those disciplines are inspired by philosophical perspectives. Thus, it is required to have a good deal of perception on the philosophical roots. Contextualism theory and approach is considered one of the most important controversial approaches in urban design and architecture. The present study intends to elaborate contextualism and explicate its difference with other similar philosophical ideas. Subsequently, it tends to explain the epistemological and philosophical foundations of contextualism in postmodernism and Gestalt school and subsequently to elucidate its position in the postmodern art and specifically in postmodern urban design and architecture. Contextualism is an idea based on the epistemology that the meaning perceived from an epistemological sentence would differ according to the epistemological standards. The idea has three distinct uses in philosophical views, primarily, the truth condition of the sentences is come to be assessed; in the second use, the language meaning is dependent on the context. The paper indicates the first and second uses of contextualism are mostly seen in urban design and architecture contextualism theory.
۱۷.

Kant's Influence on Brouwer

نویسنده:
منبع: فصلنامه حکمت و فلسفه ۱۳۸۴ شماره ۱ 6 - 15

کلیدواژه‌ها: Brouwer Kant intuition inter-subjectivity language mathematics philosophy Subject

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۳
There are at least three elemental parts in Brouuer's philosophy ef mathematics that mqy have their origin in Kant. These three parts are (1) the intuition ef time, (2) the synthetic a priority of mathematical kn01vledge, and (3) the inter-suf?jectiviry ef mathematical constructions. Brouwer borrowed the notion ef the movement eftime as an a priori intuition ef time, explicit!J expressed, from Kant. In Brouuer's philosophy ef mathematics, the intuition ef time is the on/y a priori notion, on wbicb the whole ef mathematics is built. Houeuer, their notions o] the "intuition eftime" are not the same in the genealogy ef mind As far as the second item is concerned, Brouwer believes that all ef mathematical kn01vledge is a priori and synthetic. His arguments are differentfrom Kant's arguments. The concept of ''inter-suf?jectiviry" ef mathematics in Brotouer's philosophy is very involved, and there is no reference to Kant in this respect. One mqy interpret it f?y the Kantian transcendental subject or even the Husserlian transcendental phenomenology. Both interpretations seem to be consistent. My suggestion is to read Brauner ry himse!f.
۱۸.

Technology and Urban Form: A Philosophical and Historical Perspective(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۲, Issue ۱ - Serial Number ۳, Winter ۲۰۱۲ 73 - 80

کلیدواژه‌ها: Urban form Technology Industrial age Information Age Phenomenology philosophy Historty

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۴ تعداد دانلود : ۹۲
Urban form has undergone tremendous changes throughout history. These changes have stemmed from various causes. Technology has been one of the most influential forces in changing the face of cities, leaving different marks on the city form. In fact, technology has gained an increasingly more important and integrative role in bringing changes to the urban form. In addition, recent plethora of developments and advances in various fields of technology more than before necessitates an exامینation of the relationship between technology and urban form. However, such an inquiry should be based on an understanding of the underlying philosophical and historical foundations underlying such a relationship. Throughout human history, a direct relationship has existed between the philosophical outlook on the world, the view on technology and its application, technological developments and consequently their effects on the city. The first step in understanding the relationship between technological developments and urban form changes and also in explaining the philosophical tenets, underlying urban form changes throughout history, is to realize the nature and philosophy of technology per se. The present study aims to facilitate and present such an understanding in order to broaden the horizons projecting the relationship between technology and urban form.
۱۹.

Investigating the Processes of Revolutionary Rationality Formation in the Speech System of the Islamic Revolution(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Contemporary Research on the Islamic Revolution, Volume ۴, Issue ۱۱, Winter ۲۰۲۲ 157 - 178

کلیدواژه‌ها: Shiism rationality Islamic revolution History philosophy mysticism Jurisprudence

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۲
The present study aimed to analyse the process that caused revolutionary rationality. Revolutionary rationality supported extreme action in the years 1356-57. Shia political thought through the centuries has developed fertile and deep rationality in various fields of knowledge such as philosophy, history, mysticism and jurisprudence. "Philosophical Rationality" means that religion is interpreted with philosophy and given a philosophical form. "Jurisprudential Rationality" is the proven reason that establishes the goodness of religious rules and command. "Historical Rationality" identifies the principles and regulations behind the events of history, and "Mystical Rationality" is the expression of mystical meanings through rational style. Revolutionary rationality is rooted in the above principles. This rationality interacted with revelation and supported it, and had a relationship with other ideas, including the thought system in the old and new West, and emerged during the Islamic Revolution. Revolutionary rationality was manifested in the words of the revolutionary leaders in explaining the objective situation of society and politics, as well as in drawing the future of the revolution. The theoretical and methodological basis of this research is discourse analysis and its result, explaining the achievements of this rationality in overcoming the political order of Taghut and the birth of the Shia political order.
۲۰.

Critique of Bochenski’s Conception of Methodology in Philosophy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی زمستان ۱۴۰۱ شماره ۴۱ 206 - 221
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۴ تعداد دانلود : ۷۲
This paper is an examination of Bochenski’s conception of an acceptable methodology for research in philosophy. Generally methodology refers to the building of scientific knowledge, methods are the how for building knowledge. it is the how, why method we have elected to reflect on the method of doing philosophy. This reflection proceeds from a preliminary discourse on the various methods that have been deployed in doing philosophy in the past to a discourse on the lessons from Josef Maria Bochenski’s thought. The paper, found out that such methods as the phenomenological method, the analytical method, the dialectical method, the hermeneutical method amongst others have been used in doing philosophy, past and present. We have argued in this paper that while it is true that real progress in philosophy can only be guaranteed by an adequate method that is grounded in logic and semantics, there is no single universally accepted method of doing philosophy. However, the conclusion that is reached in this paper, drawing from a reflection on Bochenski’s thought and insights from an intercultural perspective is that, an authentic philosophical method that rest on the phenomenological analysis and proceeds through analysis. Finally, whichever method one elects to use in doing philosophy, it must be guided by logic, and it must be complementary and not confrontational.