elderly mental health

Open spaces play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life and supporting the mental well-being of older adults. This study examines both physical and non-physical differences in the open spaces of residential complexes designed according to two distinct patterns—mixed and linear—and investigates how these differences relate to the mental health of elderly residents. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys. The study focused on two case examples in Isfahan: the Moshtagh Farhangian Residential Complex (a mixed pattern) and the Aftab Twin Towers (a linear pattern). The results show that several physical factors—such as accessibility to pedestrian and bicycle paths, environmental quality, safety of open spaces, and the presence of natural elements like greenery and water features—and non-physical factors—such as social interaction, individual and group participation, physical activity, and perceived security—have a significant impact on the mental health of elderly residents. However, the importance and effect of these factors differ between the two design patterns. Mixed-layout complexes offer better access, stronger social ties, and superior environmental quality than linear designs, which often suffer from repetitive layouts and poor indoor-outdoor integration, despite their visual appeal. Effectiveness depends on open space placement. These insights can help architects and urban planners design residential complexes that are more functional and supportive of the well-being of older adults.