Sports Entrepreneurship

Today, the sports industry is known through modern technology, especially in the field of manufacturing sports tools and equipment. The present study uses correlation and applied methodology, which was done in the field using Structural Equations Modeling (SEM). The statistical population included producers of sports products, of which 320 producers from Iran were considered through available sampling. Morris (2002) Standard Entrepreneurial Marketing Questionnaire, Moghimi Market Orientation (2011), Noh and Fitzsimmons Information Technology (1999), and Azizi (2011) Financial Performance Questionnaire were used to collect data. Finally, 292 questionnaires were received physically and electronically. The results showed that entrepreneurial marketing and market orientation had a direct and indirect effect (mediated by technology) on financial performance and they significantly affected the financial performance. Finally, the model had the goodness of fit. In general, manufacturers who adopted a combination of entrepreneurial marketing strategy and information technology had better and more rational financial performance by taking advantage of attractive entrepreneurial opportunities. According to the research results, it is suggested that manufacturers provide the consumers with superior value by paying attention to the market orientation and innovation, to enable the company to achieve a competitive advantage.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional motivation on intention, motivation and change in attitudes toward entrepreneurship of sports science students. Method: The study method of this research was quasi-experimental with three groups of subjects (two experimental and control groups) and pre-test and post-test design. The research population consists of graduate and bachelor's degree students in sports sciences of Mashhad universities, in which 150 people were randomly selected as a sample and were exposed to persuasive messages for one month. Results: Findings show that positive emotional motivation, intention, motivation and change of attitude towards entrepreneurship of sports science students have a positive and significant effect. Also, negative emotional motivation had no effect on students' entrepreneurial motivation and attitude, but in relation to the variable of entrepreneurial intention, it shows a significant effect. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that by showing videos and playing clips along with images and messages related to entrepreneurship, students can be encouraged to take steps towards entrepreneurship .

The current research aimed to develop a freelancing model in Iran's sports industry. This study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of methodology. The statistical population consisted of experts in entrepreneurship, management, and sports management. A purposive snowball sampling method was used, and 19 participants were selected based on theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. The data were analyzed using the grounded theory approach and Glaser's emergent method. Coding was performed in two stages and three steps: actual coding (open and selective coding) and theoretical coding, through which the research components were identified. In total, 160 codes and 41 categories were extracted across 10 dimensions at three levels: macro, meso, and micro. The findings indicate that at the macro level, cultural, political, social, economic, and legal factors are influential; at the meso level, educational, technological, and media factors play a role; and at the micro level, behavioral and psychological factors are significant. Given the unemployment rate among graduates of sports science and physical education, it is recommended that managers and policymakers take coordinated steps to leverage freelancing capacities to improve employment and entrepreneurship in the country's sports sector.