childhood maltreatment

Objective: Violence against spouse is an important and serious social damage that exists between couples and nowadays it is still observed despite cultural advances and changes in thinking style. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting violence against spouse based on childhood maltreatment experiences of divorce seekers in Isfahan. Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. In addition, the statistical population of the study included all divorce seekers who were referred to the counseling centers under the contract with Isfahan court of law. These people had already registered in an online divorce platform named Tasmim from May to July in 2021. 211 people were selected by available sampling method for the study and answered the questionnaires. The instruments used in this study were Strauss et al.'s Conflict Tactics Questionnaire (CTS2) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22 software, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis. Results: Pearson correlation findings indicated that all types of maltreatment including physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse had a positive and significant relationship with violence against spouse. Furthermore, the results of regression analysis showed that among different types of maltreatment, emotional neglect and emotional abuse predict violence against spouse in divorce seekers in Isfahan. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that child maltreatment can lead to violence against spouse in the future.

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to present a forgiveness model based on childhood maltreatment and attachment styles, with the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in betrayal victims. Methods: This descriptive correlational study involved betrayal victims who had sought counseling in Tehran in 2022, with a sample of 653 individuals selected through convenience sampling. The instruments used included Bernstein et al.'s (2003) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Hazan and Shaver's (1987) Attachment Style Questionnaire, Young's (1999) Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire, and the Forgiveness Questionnaire by Ray et al. (2001). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and AMOS version 24. Findings: The results indicated a negative relationship between childhood maltreatment, insecure attachment styles, and early maladaptive schemas with forgiveness, while secure attachment showed a positive relationship with forgiveness. Furthermore, the results suggested that early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment, attachment styles, and forgiveness in betrayal victims. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicated that the evaluated structural model was well-fitted, and the findings could assist therapists and counselors in better understanding the forgiveness process in betrayal victims.