Ethical Values

Today, we confront forces bringing spiritual and ethical values into business which have together has a meaningful concept for each business. Nowadays, the growing attention to ethical issues in workplaces has caused the organizations tend to set ethical codes. However, the results of recent studies show that the ethical organizations will obtain more benefits over a long period and will gain better financial and non-financial performance. So this issue has caused the ethical values of organization be an important part of the organization’s culture. Beside this, ethical issues have always been a noteworthy topic in tourism concepts. Therefore, the present research has examined the effect of ethical values and empathy on nonfinancial performance of tour operators in Tehran through the organizational commitment. The statistical population is composed of employees of tour operators and data were collected by the standard questionnaires. Results show that ethical values and empathy in workplace have a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment and following that non-financial performance of organization.

Introduction: Shanfara is one of the most prominent Arab poetries. His poems, especially his ode Lamiyyeh, along with the poems of other notable pre-Islamic Arab poetries, have a specific literary and sociological reputation. He was living during the Jahili era. However, his writings are full of strong moral principles and foundations, indicating the existence of excellent human thoughts and ideas, as he has mentioned some of the most important values and principles in his poetry. This descriptive-analytical article uses Thomas Nagel’s ethical theory to investigate the ethical principles and values presented in Shanfara’s Lamiyat al-Arab. Materials and Methods: This article uses a library and review method. In order to achieve the research objective, we explored the books relating to the subject and searched articles matching the research keywords in ISC and Science Direct databases from 1990 to 2023. Conclusion: According to Thomas Nagel’s theory, Shanfara, as an Arab poet, is a freedom-loving human and a high-minded fighter whose character does not reflect racial or class discrimination and injustices used to rule society. Shanfara, to remove such inhuman customs, chose to fight. In addition, he was courageous, brave, and at the same time, forgiving and generous. He appreciates his friends, and while being able to exercise power and control, he does not prefer himself to others and respects their rights. Evidence of outstanding and valuable human and moral principles is extracted from the Lamiyah al-Arab poem.