traffic

Due to the importance of public transportation, which has become today an important urban problem with special conditions, this study was conducted aimed at determining the parameters affecting the mathematical programming model of the appropriate transportation system. The study was performed by modeling method, and the problem was solved in three different sizes (small, medium and large) to show the efficiency of the model and the proposed solution methods. Some common test problems in the literature were selected and the required characteristics of the problem under study were defined for them as needed, since there are no sample test problems in the literature to examine the performance of the developed algorithms. The results indicated that some of the most important parameters affecting the designed mathematical model were movement risks, fatigue and drowsiness while driving, demands at the source node, demands at the destination node, number of vehicles across the network, the time interval between requests, and the time interval between two consecutive requests. The mentioned parameters were so effective that little changes in parameters such as demands at the source node, demands at the destination node, and the number of vehicles across the network significantly increased time and decreased profitability. the company has a significant effect on the debt cost rate and capital cost rate and does not have a significant effect on stock prices. Finally, the share price shows little sensitivity to the company's financial structure.

In recent decades, urban planning has tended to humanist urbanism. In this regard foot travels and bicycle use are the two strategies that urban planners and transportation engineers are using them as adequate alternatives for making cities more people friendly. Using bicycle is known as a strategy that has a great role in decreasing traffic among developing countries in recent decades. These countries have taken great steps by reducing traffic congestion and environmental pollutions to reach the sustainable development using comprehensive legislations in this context. This paper aims to assess and analyse the successful countries’ experiences specifically Holland and Denmark as countries that have eliminated extensive amount of traffic difficulties by using bicycle transportation system. Also, investigating this form of transportation regarding the improvement of bicycle use culture in the case study of Niavaran district will be conducted. This article has been implemented in the basis of library–based phase of the research, case study method and observation for its field study phase. Tosum up, the findings of this study comprise the feasibility of bicycle use in the mentioned case study; in which despite of district¢s high slope, efficient proposals have been used to achieve sustainable development.

One of the most important issues in today&rsquos urban world is increasing use of cars and its noise pollution, which is now one of the most important affecting pollutants on health and quality of lives of residents in urban areas. Noise pollution effects on various aspects of human and the community health as well as the high cost of treatment, thus more studies in this field is needed. Hence the importance of this study is to measure noise pollution caused by traffic and its impact on public health and mental health of the citizens in Qom. The study method was field studies and library. The data obtained over a period of three months regularly studies from the streets of Qom and using the B & K-2230, Quest-2900 and dosimeter. Overall, the results indicate that almost in all streets, noise pollution rate is higher the standard level. Among these the Imam Khomeini Avenue, 19 Day, Eram, and Enghelab streets have more noise pollutions. Noise pollution reflects is determined by field studies. Analyzing the questionnaires distributed among residents of adjacent streets, the results show that there are mild to severe illness and eventually decrease mental and general health of nearby residents in the streets.