public transportation

<strong>Abstract</strong> The motivation of this paper is the way in which the alternative fuel modes for public transport are analyzed. The aim is proposing a hybrid method to select the best fuel for public transport. The buses with old and new alternative fuels are considered in this paper. Several types of fuels are considered as alternative-fuel modes, e.g., conventional diesel, ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel, bio-diesel fuel, and electric and gasoline hybrid engine. Moreover, many decision criteria categorized into performance, environmental, economical, infrastructure, technological, social, and risk are taken into consideration. The paper uses a hybrid multi-criteria decision analysis model to rank the fuel modes and/or choose the most efficient one. This hybrid method consists of rank order centroid method to assign the weights to the criteria, and additive ratio assessment technique to analyze the decision-making matrix. To demonstrate the applicability and flexibility of the model, a case study with data given by the experts from the respected fields is employed. The result presents that the liquefied propane gas (LPG) outperforms the other options in terms of the selected criteria.   <strong> </strong>

With the advancement of communication technology, e-hailing services are becoming more widespread in Malaysia. Even though e-hailing services offer relative advantages compared to other types of public transport, research on the service quality aspects and customer satisfaction is essential to ensure customers receive worthwhile service with the money they spend on the services. Therefore, the growth of the e-hailing sector in Malaysia has drawn attention from the government, service providers, passengers, and even academics to the issues of service quality and customer satisfaction. Much research on service quality has been conducted in Malaysia; however, limited research has yet to be done on e-hailing services specifically for the state of Sarawak (East Malaysia) compared to peninsular areas. Thus, this research aims to measure the service quality performance of e-hailing in Sarawak and investigate the factors influencing passenger satisfaction. Three hundred ninety-two e-hailing users voluntarily participated in the survey, which was conducted in 2023. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed to assess the measurement and structural model. The analysis revealed that vehicle condition, customer service, and reliability have a significant one-percent relationship with passenger satisfaction. To ensure e-hailing vehicles are always in good condition, e-hailing companies and government agencies must make it mandatory for e-hailing cars to be maintained periodically. Next, the driver should improve communication skills and show a good attitude to provide excellent customer service. Besides, prompt response to customer orders is a must to ensure e-hailing services are reliable public transportation.

Transportation is a cornerstone of the tourism industry, which is considered one of the most important and lucrative global resources at the dawn of the third millennium. The primary assumption of public transportation development based on sustainable tourism is increasing tourist satisfaction. Additionally, one of the most advanced urban development perspectives that can initiate improvements in current urban conditions and serve as an effective step toward sustainable development is TOD. Suitable, reliable, comfortable, fast, and affordable transportation facilities are prerequisites for tourism development, as tourists consider both cost and time in their decisions. The choice of transportation system or the availability of an appropriate system affects these two factors when accessing tourist destinations. The objective of this research is to apply a transit-oriented development approach to enhance tourism in Tonekabon. The study is applied and descriptive-analytical, utilizing documentary research, observation, and questionnaires for data collection. Additionally, the Fuzzy IHWP method is employed to identify potential tourism zones, with a focus on transit-oriented development. The results indicate that the northern, central, and coastal areas of the city, which cover 29% of its total area, have high potential for locating public transportation stations, such as taxi stands, vans, bus terminals, and bicycle lanes. Finally, recommendations are provided, including widening streets, establishing bicycle lanes, and recreational-hospitality activities in the coastal area, improving taxi services to all areas, widening the main bridge connecting the east and west of the city, and constructing public parking near terminals and the coastline.