Analytic hierarchy process

Implementation credit rating for Corporates is influenced by Different circum-stances, systems, processes, and cultures in each country. In this study, we pro-posed a Factor analysis modified approach for determine important factors on real data set of 123 accepted corporate in Tehran Securities Exchange for the years 2009-2017 of diverse range of 52 variable. We estimated the priority score for 49 factors. The three factors, Debt to Equity Ratio, Current debt-to-equity ratio and proprietary ratio exclude due to high correlation with others. The results indicated that three macroeconomic factors: Price Index of Consumer Goods and Services, exchange rate and Interest rate determinants were more effective on the credit ratings. In addition, Financial Ratios and non-Financial Ratios such as Return on equity (ROE), Long-term debt-to-equity ratio, Benefit of the loan, ratio of com-modity to working capital, Current capital turnover, Return on Working Capital, Quick Ratio, Current Ratio, Net Profit margin, Gross profit margin, had effect on credit rating accepted corporate in Tehran Securities Exchange. The Nonparametric statistical test to validate the consistency between AHP ranking and Factor analysis revealed, the new approach has a moderated consistency with AHP. In conclusion, the Factor analysis modified approach could be applied significantly to evaluate efficiency and ranking factors with minimum loss of information.

In developing countries, the domination of peripheral and dependent capitalism relations and the lack of appropriate structures and channels of attracting, this system have caused some kind of spatial-anatomic unbalances that has resulted in the appearance of single cities with national and regional prevalence. This situation is the main reason for small, medium and intermediate cities to lose their role in the third-world countries and, therefore, for some kind of urban network to appear having consequences, especially at regional scales, like the deceleration or, in some cases, the stop of the dispersion of the expected effects of development and the lack of a chain or network of settlement focuses connecting the settlement system of the region together. The presented work has been planned to focusing on the study and analysis of the urban system of Hamadan province, Iran, with aims to present an appropriate pattern for mentioned province according to the common models and techniques of urban system analyses and methods. Results showed that currently the urban system of Hamadan province is unbalanced; however, the analysis of this system at a regional scale could be useful in regional development management and planning. Nevertheless, it is necessary that the urban system is considered in relation to neighbor regions and national space and in systematic terms. Finally, improvement of systematic viewpoints in planning for urban system and Location and leveling of new activities and settlement areas are recommended to be implemented in coincidence with the suggested urban system.

In this research, using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS method (TOP) based on financial criteria, earnings per share, dividend per share, operating cash flow growth, earnings per share growth, beta (systematic) risk, volatility Operating profit, stock liquidity and price-to-earnings ratio selected according to the opinions of investment experts, formed a portfolio. Then, the criteria for evaluating the performance of risk-adjusted portfolios according to modern portfolio theory (Sharp, Trainer and Alpha Jensen) were calculated based on monthly stock prices during the 5-year period from 1393 to 1397 and com-pared with the criteria for evaluating portfolio performance according to Marko-witz model. The results showed that the selection of stock portfolio using the mentioned financial criteria and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model leads to the acquisition of adjusted returns with more risk than the Marko-witz optimization model and the TOPSIS model (TOP).

Background: Sports facilities are one of the most commonly used services in the city with a significant role in improving the physical and mental health condition of citizens thus a proper procedure is required to locate and distribute them. Aim : The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive model for the optimal location of sports facilities. Materials and Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytic based on information gathering and is applied research based on objectives. The opinions of 20 experts have been used to design the model using the Delphi method, and weighting the effective criteria in the sports facilities location. The weight of each criterion has been obtained as population density (0.47), access (0.31), development potential (0.14), and adjacency (0.08); furthermore, the Kendall coefficient of concordance (0.74) in the third step of the Delphi method shows the strong agreement between the experts, regarding the proposed model. The proposed model consisted of six steps: 1. Aim; 2. Verification of the functional area of the existing sport facilities and specific restrictions of the area; 3. Introducing and weighting the important criteria in the sports facilities location; 4. Identifying the most suitable locations for constructing the sports facilities; 5. Evaluating the needs of users; 6. Selecting the best spaces and prioritizing them. Results: The results of the model showed that the most important criteria for locating sport facilities are population density, access, development potential, and adjacency. Additionally, it was indicated that the agreement between the experts increased over time. Conclusion: According to the proposed model, it is possible to identify the points that are suitable for constructing the new sports facilities.