Spatial planning

Purpose- This study aims to demonstrate the factors affecting the current development pattern of second homes, emphasizing on the role of spatial planning in the forest villages that are considered as the tourism destinations of Mazandaran province.Design/methodology/approach- This is a descriptive-analytical study carried out in nine villages of nine county of Mazandaran as tourism destinations. The statistical population consisted of 18 rural managers and 1980 rural households in the under-study villages.Findings- The ANOVA results showed that the institutional-political factor of social-cultural dimension, with the mean of 3.7133 had the highest effect on the current development pattern of second homes.Research limitations/implications- As the statistical population of the present study consisted of rural managers, it was difficult to have access to the managers since they were involved in agricultural works.Practical implications- Based on the current pattern of second home development, the distribution pattern of the spatial planning of second homes was designed. In order to sustain second home development, the negative points in each step of the input, activity, short-term, and long-term consequences should be reduced or eliminated.Originality/value- Since second home tourism is one of the different types of rural tourism that plays a main role in the development of rural areas, and considering the importance of second home tourism in the development of rural areas and their impact on the villagers' life, it is necessary to clarify the factors affecting second home development. Therefore, this study aims to improve the proper distribution of spatial planning in second homes by providing a spatial planning pattern for second home development.

Spatial planning in border areas in Iran because of long borders and settling more than half of the provinces in the country's international borders with neighbouring countries play particular role in the planning system. This article aims to clarify the position of border areas spatial planning in the country planning system, identifying its elements, elucidating how these elements relate to other elements, as well as explaining the importance and urgency of addressing border areas planning. Southeast region of Iran, particularly Konarak to Guater Gulf, which due to underdevelopment and drugs issues urgently needs to spatial planning, review as the case study. According to the importance of this district in soil and water boundaries of Iran, passive defence approach is exامینed in spatial planning. This paper tries to explain spatial planning in mentioned border area in the framework of passive defence strategy by using descriptive – analytical research method. On this basis, according to the features and potentials of the study area and with emphasis on the growth poles strategy, plans with increasing the development capacity and promoting the area's security(passive defence) In four dimension economic, cultural, management and physical.

Following the creation of economic, social and environmental issues in metropolises, strategies aimed to build new cities to decentralize, attract the overflow of crowed population and reduce its activity, in order to enhance the quality of life and to organize the population and activity in urban areas. In the present study, the role of spatial planning for new towns in the metropolitan suburbs of Mashhad or in other words, the role of these new towns on the space balance, creating the employment and self-sufficiency and to absorb some part of Mashhad’s population has been studied. In this regard, in addition to the library studies and comparisons of existing status with the predicted targets for studying new cities, two series of questions regarding the condition of every new town, as well as analysis network process (ANP) were used to assess their success and to rank them. Results showed that the infrastructure’s indicator plays the greatest role in the success or failure of these cities in achieving their goals, so if the government does not provide the platform and infrastructure, new towns policy does not help resolve the crisis of metropolitans. After infrastructure, employment, attraction of people and accessibility have almost equally important and are in secondary importance. Eventually, our results revealed that Gulbahar has been more successful than Binalud, According to the results of the present study, the coordinated and proper management at national and regional levels, especially in the Mashhad conurbation, creation of employment opportunities, improving the identify and the quality of new towns and provide appropriate services is necessary and essential to citizens.

The registration of Qeshm Geopark as the first geopark of Iran and the Middle East region in the list of global geoparks by UNESCO along with its natural, cultural, historical, economic, commercial and military capabilities has brought Qeshm Island to a unique position. It has made it have international value in addition to national and regional value. One of the ways to achieve coordinated development with the principles of sustainability and spatial planning is to evaluate the ecological potential of areas; this article examines the potential of using Qeshm Geopark for various activities. The current research has evaluated the potential of Qeshm Geopark in relation to agricultural activities, environmental protection, tourism, urban and commercial development, and industrial development using a systemic perspective and providing an ecological model. In this research, documentary information was collected from available library sources, and in the next step, maps related to the shape of the land in Qeshm Geopark were prepared in the GIS environment, after combining and analyzing the maps and combining them with existing social information ؛Economic information, in the final exploitation capacity of Qeshm Geopark, based on the ecological model of exploitation and using the multi-factor evaluation method, has been investigated at the level of the whole island. The results show that Qeshm Geopark has a suitable and high capacity for tourism development and extensive and concentrated industrial development and lacks sufficient capacity for agricultural development And the ecological potential and urban development and environmental protection has been assessed as moderate.