Settlements

The interactions and linkages between urban centers and peripheral settlements are increasingly recognized as key factors in the process of social, economic and environmental changes in peripheral settlements. Despite this, most practices are implicitly based on a dichotomous view of population and activities in urban and peripheral area. This paper presents that how interactions between urban centers and peripheral settlements include spatial linkages (flows of goods, money, capital, people, information, production, technology and wastes) affect on peripheral changes. The interactions and linkages between the urban centers of Qazvin and 20 peripheral settlements there show that the effects of this interaction upon the peripheral settlements have included more inorganic effects. Urban and peripheral development need to be considered as complementary process rather than competing activities for the limited resources. The benefits of such an integrated approach will outweigh of the costs.

This paper investigates the relationship between the Lagos Megacity and Ota Township, a small township on its periphery. The study exامینes linkages between and Lagos in terms of growth, urban development as well as mobility. 553 questionnaires were administered to household heads across the 12 residential districts of Ota Township. Survey was carried out by systematic random sampling. Classified traffic counts were also taken at strategic locations along the four main axial roads in Ota. The data collected were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistical methods including cross-tabulation and correlation analysis. Findings of the research have shown that the proportion of inter-city traffic from Ota directed towards Lagos is about 48% of total inter-city traffic generated. More than 40% of Ota residents migrated from Lagos and still commute daily to the megacity. The paper concludes by recommending strategies for better synergies between Ota Township and the Lagos megacity. These include the implementation of integrated master planning, effective environmental management and traffic policies for the township as well.

Looking at the role of climate in indigenous settlements of Gilan, which are formed based on the Uniformitarianism principles for the environmental comfort of residents in the basic body, and stability and compromise with the natural factors, as a basic and immutable principle over time has created various species in its context based on the needs and availability of basic infrastructure. Gilan's Western plains, as a geographic split of microclimate (mild and wet), which has its own unique characteristics, in formation of variable species, according to the needs of households, in terms of population growth and vernacular materials, which is associated with the formation of a space with sustainable self-sufficiency for local residents, and in addition to optimal locating is appropriate in terms of orientation and e building elongation. Accordingly, the comparison between variable species in a microclimate (plain geography) with its own unique features will be obtained as separated assessments from body to climate framework, with deductive components which can form a native settlement, through field work on sustainable buildings in plain villages and functional analysis of samples, attached to professional population of Housing Foundation, which have special knowledge of the characteristics of rural housing related to rehabilitation and re-run today's models. Therefore, providing transparent assumptions on the challenges and principled solutions through questionnaires with derivatives percent available for population, has managed to improve the quality of the results of this study.

The Egyptian new towns experience is among the most comprehensive and ambitious, regionally and worldwide. Initiated as a governmental policy within a general strategy to tackle the multitude of problems burdening Egyptian settlements in general and major and secondary cities surrounded by agricultural land. New towns were thought as an effective partial solution for the problems of: encroachment of agricultural land, lack of urban land for development, deteriorating fabric, infrastructure and facilities and low quality living. A variety of New towns were proposed as a result of extensive, serious and comprehensive studies and joint endeavors of local and international experts. The new towns aimed to create self-contained growth poles in the desert which would absorb and redistribute population and activities, offering cheap housing and a healthy environment. Some new towns, have seen considerable success in attracting industry, attributed to their favorable location near Cairo. However, success in encouraging people to relocate to the new towns has been limited. A central criticism of the Egyptian programs is that all new towns together will have absorbed a maximum of 20% of population growth by the year 2000. Aim this paper to address the issue of “Encouragement of settlement and attractions for new cities and communities in Egypt”.