Mashhad City

The purpose of this study was to determine the cost of pilgrimage trips in Iran, a sample of the Mashhad metropolis, and a descriptive and analytical survey method in post-event research. Required data were collected using documentary and field methods by means of a check-up tool and a questionnaire. The questionnaire was evaluated and verified using form and content methods. After determining its accuracy and accuracy, it was applied in practice. For analyzing the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods, especially multivariate regression, were used with SPSS software. The findings of the study showed that the economic and social conditions of the household are the main factors affecting the distribution of pilgrimage tourists entering the city of Mashhad and the amount of education, income and number of households have more impact. Give Also, every pilgrim's household entering the city of Mashhad considers its monthly income for traveling to this city. According to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the tourist expenses and household income are normalized. Based on this, the proposed strategy The regulation of tourism policies is based on the average household cost.

Redevelopment of distressed and blighted areas are targeted by most of development policies. However, a number of policies have been changed as the result of the ineffectiveness of the previous experiences, the incompatibility of the development tools and plans, the lack of financial resources or social movements. Large-scale redevelopment projects have usually been considered as the powerful tools for urban revitalization, modernization and implementation of radical plans while many of those were criticized due to their various consequences including social exclusion, inequality, social conflicts, environmental damages, inconsistent scale, etc. Downtown of the City of Mashhad; Samen District, has experienced various physical interventions in the form of large-scale projects during the last century. Although the projects and intervention policies have been transformed during the past decades, previous faults were ignored and sometimes were iterated in these experiences. In fact, it seems that urban development solutions in the district have not been sustainable solutions and couldn’t maintain or shape a sustainable community in the historical and formerly economic urban core of Mashhad. This paper, focusing on mega redevelopment projects experienced in Samen Districst after 1920s, aims to highlight the critical aspects neglected or bent in Samen redevelopment program. Based on the nature of large-scale redevelopment projects and the current sustainability criteria, it qualitatively assesses the sustainability of the redevelopment projects through content-analysis method. According to the results, despite the competitiveness and place promotion goals of the Samen redevelopment project, the adopted approaches and policies could not lead to a state of sustainable development.