مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Accuracy


۲۱.

Accuracy Order of Grammatical Morphemes in Persian EFL Learners: Evidence for and against UG(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۲, No.۲۵, Fall & Winter ۲۰۱۹ 53-78

کلیدواژه‌ها: Accuracy morpheme Persian transfer Universal Grammar

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۸ تعداد دانلود : ۵۶۷۳
This study addresses the acquisition of the morphological markers in Persian learners of English as a foreign language. To this end, the accuracy order of nine morphemes including plural –s, progressive –ing, copula be, auxiliary be, irregular past tense, regular past tense –ed, third person –s, possessive -ʼs and indefinite articles was studied in 60 teenage Persian EFL learners. Placement and proficiency tests and a demographic questionnaire were employed to collect the data. The total production of 2160 morphemes was manually checked, classified, and counted to rank their acquisition order. The learners’ accuracy order was ranked in a decreased order from 1 to 9 as follows: regular past tense, auxiliary be, copula be, present progressive tense, indefinite articles, plural –s, possessive -ʼs, irregular past tense and third-person singular –s. The Spearman correlation showed that Persian students’ accuracy order had a moderate and weak relationship with the accuracy order of ESL and EFL learners, respectively. This finding proves that Persian EFL learners do not learn English grammatical morphemes in a natural order. Moreover, the universal grammar does not remain fully in these learners. The minor role of UG in EFL acquisition also indicates the important role of transfer in foreign language learning.
۲۲.

Task Condition and L2 oral Performance: Investigating the Combined Effects of Online Planning and Immediacy

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۸, Issue ۳۲, Autumn ۲۰۲۰ 35-48

کلیدواژه‌ها: Task online planning immediacy Complexity Accuracy fluency

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۴۱۰
Research evidence reported to date demonstrates the differential effects of manipulating second language (L2) task conditions on the resultant production as measured in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. The present study was aimed at adding to the available body of findings by exploring the synergistic effects of two task condition variables, namely online planning and immediacy (± Here/Now) on L2 oral discourse. For this purpose, 60 Iranian intermediate learners of English as a foreign langue (EFL) were asked to perform the task of narrating a story based on a sequenced set of pictures under four conditions (i.e., Here/Now and pressed online planning, Here/Now and careful online planning, There/Then and pressed online planning, There/Then and careful online planning). The results of statistical analyses revealed that carefully planning speech while performing the task consistently assists complexity and accuracy, but negatively affects fluency of speech. Besides, it was observed that carrying out the same task using the past tense without contextual support (i.e., There/Then), if coupled with careful online planning, simultaneously enhances complexity and accuracy. Performing a task in Then/There also reduces fluency. Interestingly, it was also found out that the opportunity to carefully plan online while performing the task in There/Then exponentially increases complexity and accuracy with strong negative effects on fluency. Lastly, pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed regarding the contribution of task condition to directing learners’ attention and their L2 speech quality.
۲۳.

The Impact of Immediate Grammatical Error Correction on Senior English Majors’ Accuracy at Hebron University

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۲, Issue ۷, Autumn ۲۰۱۴ 37 - 46

کلیدواژه‌ها: grammatical error Accuracy senior English process of learning

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۵
This study aimed at investigating the effects of grammatical error correction on EFL learners’ accuracy. Twenty-two male and female senior students were chosen randomly to respond to a questionnaire investigating their beliefs about immediate grammatical error correction.  Actually, the study was conducted in order to answer this question: what is the effect of grammatical error feedback on students’ accuracy? The obtained results related to the questionnaire revealed that immediate error correction had a positive effect and thus enhanced the learners’ accuracy.
۲۴.

Improving Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Oral Narrative Task Performance in Terms of Accuracy, Fluency and Complexity by Awareness Raising Through Semantic Fields(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۳, No.۲۶, Spring & Summer ۲۰۲۰ 75 - 95

کلیدواژه‌ها: Awareness raising narrative task oral narrative semantic fields Task performance Accuracy fluency Complexity

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۷۷
The effects different awareness-raising techniques might have on language learners’ performance have been studied by many researchers. The present study specifically focused on improving EFL learners’ oral narrative task performance in terms of accuracy, fluency and complexity by awareness raising through semantic fields. The participants in the study included 40 intermediate learners whose initial homogeneity in terms of language proficiency was assessed via a Preliminary English Test (PET). They were further randomly assigned as one experimental group and one control group, each comprising 20 participants. The amount of instructional time was 17 sessions, during which the participants in the experimental group received an awareness raising technique through 'semantic fields'. Before and after the treatment, an oral narrative test was administrated. The results of the data analysis revealed that the experimental group which received the awareness raising technique outperformed the control group in three measures of accuracy, fluency and complexity on their performance. The participants showed significant improvements in language proficiency as they retold the narratives. The findings of the present study can create the floor for researchers to go deep through the EFL contexts and find more about the probable effects awareness raising techniques might have on language learning and teaching.
۲۵.

The Role of Literature-Based Activities and Emotional Intelligence in WhatsApp Assisted Writing of Iranian Engineering Students(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۲۶, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۰ 59 - 84

کلیدواژه‌ها: Literature-based activities WhatsApp assisted writing Emotional Intelligence Accuracy Complexity lexical diversity

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۴ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳۲
The aim of this study was fourfold: (1) to investigate the effect of literature-based activities on the accuracy of Iranian Engineering students’ writing (2) to examine the effect of literature-based activities on the accuracy of their WhatsApp assisted writing (3) to determine whether their emotional intelligence (EI) increases through literature-based activities in a WhatsApp assisted setting and (4) to survey the effect of literature-based activities and the produced emotional intelligence on the complexity and lexical diversity of students’ WhatsApp assisted writing. In phase I, as students went through literature-based activities, no significant differences of accuracy were found; despite the fact that the mean difference and standard deviation scores were indicative of effective treatment, literature-based activities. In phase II, the results obtained from the analytic procedures of literature-based activities on the accuracy of students’ WhatsApp assisted writing showed that the experimental group showed higher accuracy of writing. In phase III, the result of emotional intelligence improvement was more remarkable in the WhatsApp assisted writing. Additionally, the WhatsApp assisted written productions were significantly more diverse in using lexis, t-units and clauses but not other parameters of complexity. The results have some implications for teachers and researchers in the ESP setting. 
۲۶.

The Effect of Task Repetition under Different Time Conditions on EFL Learners' Oral Performance and Grammatical Knowledge Gain(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۷ , N. ۴ , ۲۰۱۸ 487 - 514

کلیدواژه‌ها: Same-Task Repetition Grammatical Knowledge Gain Different Time Conditions Accuracy Complexity fluency

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۴ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۳
This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of task repetition under four conditions on the three dimensions of oral production (accuracy, complexity and fluency) and grammatical knowledge gain of learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). 40 young learners of English as a Foreign Language in four classes were randomly assigned into one of the following groups: repetition in three successive sessions during a week, repetition once a week over three weeks, repetition with one week interval in between over five weeks, and repetition with two weeks interval in between over seven weeks. A Grammatical Judgment Test (GJT) including the prepositions of movement as the target structure was designed to measure learners’ grammatical knowledge both before and after the study. Also, tasks were developed for measuring oral performance of the participants. The findings indicated significant differences in the performance of the groups from pre-test to post-test in terms of accuracy (ratio of error-free clauses) and complexity (syntactic and lexical) dimensions of oral production as well as gains in grammatical knowledge; they however failed to show significant effects for fluency development across distinct time intervals. The paper discusses further findings and implications.
۲۷.

The Role of Corrective Feedback Timing in Task Engagement and Oral Performance(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۹ , N. ۲ , ۲۰۲۰ 229 - 252

کلیدواژه‌ها: Accuracy Complexity corrective feedback Delayed Feedback fluency Immediate Feedback Oral engagement

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۱۰ تعداد دانلود : ۳۱۷
: Corrective Feedback (CF) provision on performance involves calling attention to learners' erroneous utterances, which stimulates classroom language learning. Despite widespread research in this area, a controversy still exists as to the time of CF in communicative tasks especially when learners' task engagement is targeted. Employing 60 intermediate-level Iranian learners, a four-week study examined the effects of immediate versus delayed CF types on oral engagement, grammar gain as well as on Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency (CAF) in the context of a dictogloss task. The statistical analysis showed that despite statistically significant improvements in the case of Grammaticality Judgement Test (GJT) from the pre-test to the post-test, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to their grammar gain, complexity, accuracy, fluency, as well as on their social and cognitive engagement. However, results in the case of behavioral and emotional engagement revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups of immediate and delayed CFs. The findings of the present study call for more flexibility and confidence on the part of the teachers in providing either immediate or delayed CF whenever appropriate and without being concerned about the adverse effects of feedback
۲۸.

Impact of Computer Concept-Mapping Instruction on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Performance: Complexity and accuracy in focus

نویسنده:
منبع: Iinternational Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۹, Issue ۳۵, Spring ۲۰۲۱ (۲) 131 - 139

کلیدواژه‌ها: Accuracy Complexity computer-based instruction concept-mapping writing skill

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶۹
This inquiry investigates the impact of Computer Concept-Mapping on Iranian EFL learners’ writing complexity and accuracy. To this end, a total of 30 intermediate EFL learners aged 14 to 16 years were non-randomly selected, homogenized in terms of general proficiency, and classified into two treatment and control groups. Also, a pretest and a posttest on the participants’ writing performance were administered at the beginning and the end of the study.. Further, the ESL Composition Profile developed by Jacobs et al. (1981) was used as a criterion for evaluating the participants’ writing accuracy and complexity. The treatment group received computer-based concept mapping instruction, while the control group was instructed through conventional writing techniques. Then, the data obtained from the two groups’ pre- and posttests were comparatively analyzed through appropriate statistical tools. Parametric paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests as well as Pearson Correlation were also used to assess the inter-rater reliability indices of the participants’ writing tests. The results of data analysis indicated that computer concept-mapping instruction entails significantly better writing performance. This finding has implications for teachers and EFL programmers to use the latest methods and tools of instruction
۲۹.

The Role of Task Complexity and Working Memory Capacity in L2 Accuracy and Fluency(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۲۷, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۱ 389 - 416

کلیدواژه‌ها: task-based language teaching argumentative task task complexity working memory Accuracy fluency

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۷
This study explored the impact of task complexity on task performance of Iranian lower-intermediate and advanced language learners. It also investigated how working memory was related to task performance and mediated the influence of complexity conditions on language performance. Task complexity was operationalized by designing differing tasks along the +/- reasoning and the +/- few elements dimensions. Eighty Iranian EFL learners (40 lower-intermediate and 40 advanced) carried out argumentative tasks which differed in complexity level. Working memory capacity was measured by applying the Persian translation of Wechsler's (1987) working memory test, and task performance was measured in terms of accuracy and fluency. The results revealed that for lower-intermediate learners, task complexity led to decrease in accuracy in the complex tasks, while fluency was boosted in simple task condition. For advanced learners, task complexity resulted in improved accuracy, while fluency decreased in complex condition. The results of multivariate analyses revealed that learners' language performance in the complex group significantly differed from that of the simple group on the combined dependent variables for both lower-intermediate and advanced learners. There was no significant correlation between working memory and any performance measures.
۳۰.

TOEFL iBT integrated speaking tests: a comparison of test-takers' performance in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Applied Linguistics (IJAL) Vol. ۲۳, No. ۲, September ۲۰۲۰ 33-62

کلیدواژه‌ها: TOEFL integrated speaking Complexity Accuracy fluency Iranian test-takers

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۴
This study compares three integrated tasks of the TOEFL iBT speaking subtest in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. To this end, a group of TOEFL iBT Iranian candidates took a simulated TOEFL iBT some days prior to their real exam. The collected oral responses were first transcribed and then quantified using software such as ‘Syllable Counter’ and ‘Coh-Metrix3’ for fluency and complexity, respectively. For accuracy, however, the responses were tallied manually. The results revealed the responses to the three speaking tasks were significantly different in terms of fluency. The difference in the accuracy index also turned significant, though the pairwise comparisons showed some inconsistencies. As for the selected complexity measures, lexical diversity, the mean number of modifiers per NP, and latent semantic analysis all showed significant differences between tasks 2 and 3 on the one hand and task 4 on the other. Left-embeddedness, however, revealed no significant difference among the three tasks. The results may support the influential role of prompting texts in such integrated speaking tasks
۳۱.

The Effect of Dictogloss vs. Debating on L2 Writing Proficiency: A Mixed-Methods Study(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), Volume ۴۰, Issue ۴, fall ۲۰۲۱ 121 - 160

کلیدواژه‌ها: output-based instruction Collaborative activities Complexity Accuracy fluency

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۷
The use of task-based collaborative output activities in enhancing EFL students’ writing proficiency has been underrated in the Iranian context. To foster students’ writing ability, the present study, employing a mixed-methods design, aimed to evaluate the effect of innovative tools, dictogloss and debating, on the writing development of English-major university students in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). The study involved two experimental extracurricular classes and consisted of 11 sessions during the regular academic term. Having analyzed the writing tasks produced by the students’ performance on pre-test and post-test, the researcher found that the students of both groups significantly enhanced their writing performance, representing an increase in a number of indices of CAF measures following the intervention. More specifically, the results of a paired-samples t-test confirmed that the students in the dictogloss group showed significant improvement in six indices of CAF measure, and the students in the debate group displayed significant improvement in seven indices of CAF measures. Moreover, the results of ANCOVA confirmed that the debate group improved more than the dictogloss group in terms of CAF measures. The results of the interviews with the students regarding the role of task-based collaborative output activities in their written performance yielded several commonalities, which were coded into 11 codes for dictogloss and 16 codes for debating, taking inter-coder reliability and agreement into account. In the end, the study offers some practical implications for L2 learners and teachers.
۳۲.

The Joint Effects of Teacher-led and Collaborative Planning conditions and Task Complexity on L2 Oral Production(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۲۸, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۱ 217 - 242

کلیدواژه‌ها: task complexity Strategic Planning oral production Accuracy fluency Complexity EFL Learners

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۰
This quantitative study aimed to investigate the combined effects of two types of strategic planning, namely collaborative and teacher-led planning conditions and task complexity on Iranian intermediate language learners' oral production in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. To achieve this purpose, 90 EFL learners were selected through convenience sampling from a language institute in Shiraz, Iran, and randomly assigned to two control and four experimental groups. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design in the form of pretest, treatment, and posttest. In the first step, all participants took part in a speaking pretest in which they were required to narrate a story based on a series of picture description tasks. While the experimental groups underwent 10 treatment sessions of picture description task performance along with two planning types i.e., teacher-led and collaborative planning conditions, the control groups were not allowed to plan the task performance. In the last session, the language learners took a posttest whose results were compared with those of the pretest. The findings revealed that the language learners in the collaborative planning groups outperformed the other groups in terms of both fluency and complexity. Further, teacher-led groups did better than the other groups in terms of accuracy. This study carries crucial implications for EFL teachers, material developers, syllabus designers, and speaking skill examiners.
۳۳.

Fostering Speaking via Integrated Questioning: Does it Count for Transcontextual Transferability?(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۴, No.۲۸, Spring & Summer ۲۰۲۱ 1 - 27

کلیدواژه‌ها: integrated questioning speaking transferability Complexity Accuracy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۶
Given the significance and problematic nature of speaking in EFL instruction as well as lack of orthodoxy of views on acceptance or rejection of language learning transferability, this study proposed an inventive model to teaching thinking via questioning as a way to trigger speaking. It compromises six components, and organizes a rich interactive teaching/learning environment to gauge its usefulness in the development of EFL learners' oral skill as well as its inter-domain transferability effects. To this end, we compared the performance of 60 participants on pre-post-treatment oral narrative tasks over thirteen treatment sessions with a time allocation of 45 minutes for each session: One group with isolated questioning instruction and the other with integrated one. The results of independent samples t-test indicated that instructional treatment assisted the experimental group participants to outperform the control group learners solely in terms of measures of lexical and grammatical complexity. It is also suggested that the merits of questioning intervention transfer to learners' performance on a delayed task in a new social domain. As proposed, implementing the integrated approach of HOQs assisted EFL learners to successfully accomplish demanding oral tasks initially in academic setting and in later delayed novel transcontextual settings.
۳۴.

Investigating the Impacts of Teacher Metalinguistic Feedback vs. Collaborative Peer Feedback on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Performance(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۴, No.۲۸, Spring & Summer ۲۰۲۱ 180 - 199

کلیدواژه‌ها: corrective feedback Form-focused instruction lexical diversity Accuracy Metalinguistic

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۸
Corrective feedback refers to a teacher or student’s reaction to a learner’s target language production containing an actual or perceived error. The last three decades have witnessed a large amount of research on the impacts of various types of corrective feedback on students’ written production. Along the same vein, the present study seeks to explore the effectiveness of providing teachers’ metalinguistic feedback vs. peers’ collaborative feedback on students’ writing performance. In so doing, the present study adopted a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design including three upper-intermediate groups (i.e., two experimental and one control). The participants of the study were a total of 62 English as a foreign language (EFL) freshman students from two public universities in Tehran, Iran. The writing tasks utilized in the present study were adopted from IELTS writing Task 2. The results of one-way between groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that students produced significantly more lexically diverse as well as grammatically accurate language as a result of both treatments. Moreover, it was observed that collaborative peer feedback led to significantly higher lexical diversity than those of other two groups. The findings of the present study suggest that L2 teachers can opt for a combination of corrective feedback strategies to help learners improve their writing performance.
۳۵.

The Effect of Phonetic Transcription of TV News on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Pronunciation Accuracy at Word Level

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۷, Issue ۱ (۲۰۲۲) 61-71

کلیدواژه‌ها: phonetic transcription pronunciation TV news Accuracy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۴۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۹
This study aimed to investigate the effect of phonetic transcription of TV news on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ pronunciation accuracy at the word level. The question of this study sought to answer whether or not the phonetic transcription of TV news improves the pronunciation accuracy of Iranian EFL learners at the intermediate word level. To answer this question, the selection of participants was done among 30 intermediate language learners in Erfan Academic in Ramsar. They were divided into two groups with equal numbers of control and experimental group. Both of these groups received pretest and posttest of pronunciation which included twenty words. The experimental group practiced pronunciation via phonetic transcription of TV news while the control group practiced through the conventional method. After 5 sessions, the posttest was administered to both groups of study. Finally, the data were analyzed via applying an independent sample- T-test. The results of the study indicated that the mean of these two groups was significantly different (sig≤0/05) and the results can be of significance for language teachers, language learners, as well as language material designers.
۳۶.

The Comparative Effect of Rehearsal, Strategic, and Online Planning on the Fluency, Accuracy, Complexity, Lexical Variety, and Attentional Allocation of EFL Learners’ Argumentative Writing(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), Volume ۴۱, Issue ۲, Spring ۲۰۲۲ 75 - 111

کلیدواژه‌ها: Accuracy Attentional Allocation Complexity fluency Lexical variety online planning Rehearsal planning Strategic Planning writing skill

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۰
This study examined the effect of rehearsal, strategic, and online planning on the intermediate undergraduate EFL learners’ writing complexity, accuracy, fluency (CAF), lexical variety, and the cognitive psychological performance of attentional allocation to linguistic aspects during planning . To this end, 80 intermediate university students were randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group. The participants’ performance was compared based on measures of Wigglesworth and Storch’s (2009) fluency, Storch and Wigglesworth’s (2007) accuracy, Foster and Skehan’s (1999) complexity, McKee , Malvern, and Richards’ (2000) vocd-D model of lexical diversity. The study focused on rehearsal, strategic, and online planning in argumentative writing tasks. Retrospective interviews were conducted right after task performance to examine the participants' attentional allocation under three planning-time conditions. It was revealed that rehearsal task planning resulted in higher CAF and lexical variety in comparison to the other groups. Noticeable variation was also evidenced in the participants’ attentional allocation in terms of CAF across different time planning conditions. It was also shown that the learners paid more attention to the conceptualization of ideas during pre-task planning through sentences or clauses while performing a task. Little attention was paid to formulizing complex or accurate utterances. The findings have numerous pedagogical implications for EFL teachers, university instructors, and EFL students.
۳۷.

Effect of Using Smart Learning Pen (iPen) on Young Iranian Male and Female EFL Learners’ Speaking Accuracy and Fluency(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۲۹, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۲ 228 - 244

کلیدواژه‌ها: Educational Technology smart learning pen Accuracy fluency young EFL/ESL learners

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۷
The present study aimed to examine the effects of an educational technology called smart learning pen (i.e., iPen) as an ICT tool on young Iranian male and female EFL learners' speaking accuracy and fluency. A group of 180 young (6-9 years old) male and female learners with no previous formal education in English were randomly assigned into three different conditions: those who used the iPen in class and at home (IPC), at home only (IPH), and those who did not use the iPen at all (NIP). As gender was an independent variable, each condition had male and female groups. To address the research questions, the participants' performance on the oral sub-test of the posttest was put into analysis. The two-way ANOVA run on the effect of the independent variables (iPen and gender) and their interaction on the participants' speaking accuracy, and fluency revealed that using iPen helped the IPC and IPH participants significantly outperform the NIP group in terms of both accuracy and fluency. However, such an analysis did not show any significant effect for gender, nor did it show any significant effect when the interaction of gender and other variables was taken into account. The study has practical implications for policymakers, language teachers as well as software, hardware, and mobile phone application developers.
۳۸.

The Impact of Task-based Online Planning on EFL Learners’ Performance and Attention Shift

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Translation Studies, Vol. ۶, No. ۱, Winter ۲۰۲۱ 97 - 112

کلیدواژه‌ها: Attention Task planning form Complexity Accuracy fluency

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۸
Research findings reported to date indicate that carefully planning speech while performing a task increases second language (L2) learners’ attention to formal aspects of their discourse. The evidence, however, is mostly based on performance analysis with respect to the linguistic measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. To enhance the psycholinguistic validity of current findings, the present research adopted a process-product approach to analyze L2 learners’ performance and attention shift as indicated by the occurrence of pauses in their speech. The study involved thirty Iranian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) who were divided into two groups of fifteen. Whereas participants in the first group were given unlimited time to carefully plan while performing a narrative task, their counterparts in the other group completed the same task under time constraint. Following participants’ performance, both performance analysis and retrospective interviews were conducted to collect their protocol data. The results revealed that carefully planned speech is characterized by increased complexity and accuracy and reduced fluency stemming from attention being primarily focused on syntactic encoding, lexical choice, and phonology instead of conceptualizing the message. The outcomes are discussed in light of their theoretical and pedagogical implications.
۳۹.

Effects of Competency-Based Approach on Enhancing Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency of Writing among Iranian Upper- Intermediate Pre-Service Teachers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: iranian journal of educational sociology, Vol ۵, Number ۴ (۲۰۲۲) 9-22

کلیدواژه‌ها: Accuracy Competency-Based Approach Complexity fluency writing

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۵ تعداد دانلود : ۹۵
Purpose: This study aimed at investigating the effect of competency-based approach on enhancing complexity, accuracy, and fluency of writing of pre-service teachers. Methodology: To this end, an Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was administered to 100 Iranian pre-service teachers studying at Farhangian University, of whom 40 upper-intermediate learners were selected and assigned to an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The selected participants were both male and female and aged from 19 to 22. Both selected groups were then given a writing test as the pre-test. Subsequently, the experimental group received the competency-based treatment and were proposed to some real-world issues and there was no time limit. However, the traditional styles used for improving the writing skill of the subjects in the control group and a specific time limit was considered for the subjects to do the job. After that, a writing post-test and an attitude questionnaire were delivered to the participants. The obtained data was analyzed using one-way between group analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and one-sample t-test. Findings: The results indicated no significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of the control group, whereas, the post-test scores of the participants in experimental group were significantly better than their pre-test scores especially regarding complexity. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the teachers should take competency-based approach into consideration in their target language classes to have a more fruitful educational process.
۴۰.

An Accurate Prediction Framework for Cardiovascular Disease Using Convolutional Neural Networks(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Information Technology Management , Volume ۱۶, Issue ۱, ۲۰۲۴ 27 - 43

کلیدواژه‌ها: Deep-Learning CNN Heart-Disease Prediction Cardiovascular disease Accuracy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۷۴
Cardiovascular-Diseases (CVD) are a principal cause of death worldwide. According to the World-Health-Organization (WHO), cardiovascular illnesses kill 20 million people annually. Predictions of heart-disease can save lives or take them, depending on how precise they are. The virus has rendered conventional methods of disease anticipation ineffective. Therefore, a unified system for accurate illness prediction is required. The study of disease diagnosis and identification has reached new heights thanks to artificial intelligence. With the right kind of training and testing, deep learning has quickly become one of the most cutting-edge, reliable, and sustaining technologies in the field of medicine. Using the University of California Irvine (UCI) machine-learning (ML) heart disease dataset, we propose a Convolutional-Neural-Network (CNN) for early disease prediction. There are 14 primary characteristics of the dataset that are being analyzed here. Accuracy and confusion matrix are utilized to verify several encouraging outcomes. Irrelevant features in the dataset are eliminated utilizing Isolation Forest, and the data is also standardized to enhance accuracy. Accuracy of 98% was achieved by employing a deep learning technique.