مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Identity


۴۱.

Globalization Issues Regarding Contemporary Architecture of Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۱, Issue ۲ , Autumn ۲۰۱۱ 51 - 54

کلیدواژه‌ها: globalized architecture localized architecture Space Place Time Identity

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۰
The term Globalization undoubtedly has affected all parts of humanity life in current century. Globalization as a comprehensive phenomenon has influenced economical, political, social and cultural aspects of our societies. Contemporary architecture as a multidimensional category is depended on various factors and needs to be pursued in different fields, in order to reach to a perfect comprehending of it. In countries that they have not experienced modernity completely and also they have not passed the traditions, facing with global flows will cause different encounters. Although some defend the global and homogenous behaviors, the others as a reflection to that, support of particular and heterogeneous ideas. This dilemma also could be seen in traditional societies in confronting with modernity, but by the aim of global flows it has an incredible speed which could not be imagined before. By the rise of consideration to complexity theories and relational and fuzzy discourses, some kind of symbiosis ideas have aroused that are not going to omit while they are trying to connect contradictory issues together. The specifics of these points of views are going to be clarified and reviewed, so that to make clear the globalized and localized approaches in contemporary architecture and also to conceive an interconnection of them as a “glocalized” architecture.
۴۲.

Clarifying Components of Urban Identity in Kish(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۲, Issue ۲ - Serial Number ۴, Spring ۲۰۱۲ 25 - 34

کلیدواژه‌ها: Identity Urban Identity Spirit of the place Island Spirit of the time

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۳
The transition from the industrial age and the growing impact of the global economy on human life which has led to rapid expansion of western urban design culture in countries like Iran, are among the reasons why nowadays there is only a memory left in our minds of our traditional cities. "Urban identity" is one of the most important and most controversial issues among urban designers and other professionals involved in urban issues. This is a crisis faced by todays cities for years and has had direct and indirect effects on citizens everyday lives. Kish Island as one of the most unique island with coral reefs in the world is no exception. In this study, the components of urban identity in Kish are investigated from physical and content dimensions. Based on evaluations, the qualified variables with specific and highlighted traits which play an important role in Kish Island identity are introduced.
۴۳.

An Investigation of Global-Regional Interactional Approach at the Prominent Works of Contemporary Iranian Architects(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۳, Issue ۲ - Serial Number ۸, Spring ۲۰۱۳ 13 - 20

کلیدواژه‌ها: Globalization Regionalism Interactional approach Contemporary Iranian Architecture Identity

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۱
Regionalism is an analytical and critical perspective which focuses on preserving special features of place and attempts to fill the vacuum in architecture. Globalization is a complex multi-stage process that causes increasing complexity of time and place, greater awareness across the global and acceleration of cross cultural interactions. Therefore, the present paper attempts to analyze global-regional interactional approach through investigating contemporary Iranian architecture in relationship with the aforementioned phenomena and also tries to provide practical advice on establishing a constructive interaction. The research methodology is based on content analysis and case study. The results obtained from investigating striking cases of 4 eras of contemporary Iranian architecture and presented as a table of global-regional interaction components (physical, semantic and ecological) show that an interactional approach is becoming increasingly popular and global-regional coexistence is being formed in contemporary Iranian architecture, which associates with spirit of time and its regional components. A dynamic presence and playing a componential role by contemporary Iranian architects in this interaction have some prerequisites: an understanding of contemporary pluralism, an understanding of the other and establishing interaction, emphasis on the role of thought, creation and innovation, objective research, a good understanding of identity and place, past recall and identifying components of Iranian architecture.
۴۴.

Urban Identity in the Entrance of City(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۳, Issue ۴ - Serial Number ۱۰, Autumn ۲۰۱۳ 47 - 54

کلیدواژه‌ها: Identity Urban Identity Elements of the urban identity entrance AHP1 method

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۸
Identity, a series of traits and characteristics that makes a person or a member of the community come to a kind of “ recognition” about individuals and other communities; The city also, following the example of this criterion gains character and gets independent. Identity in the city, through the creation and association with “public memories” of citizens causes the sense of interest and dependence which leads the inhabitants of the city toward becoming a citizen, which is a more active level of being just inhabitants. Although the identity is the effect of the culture of its citizens, it affects the process of becoming a citizen and can cause the formulation of criteria related to the participation and judging of observers and residents. Urban identity is a reflection of all the local people’s traditions, culture and aspirations grouped together. It reflects their needs, successes, failures and future. Constricted, the city is understood and interpreted through the technical rather than the sensory, yet it is the sensory from which people build their feeling and emotion. Sensuous requirements may coincide or conflict with other demands but cannot be separated from them in designing or judging urban spaces. The static physical setting, activities and meaning constituted three basic elements of urban identity places. Since place identity is a sub-structure of the self-identity of person consisting of broadly conceived cognitions about the world in which the individual lives. These cognitions represent memories, ideas, values, meanings and conceptions of behavior and experience. This study investigates and compares basic elements of urban identity in Zanjan city entrances with using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method and the proposed recommendations for the increase identity.
۴۵.

Study of the Impact of Culture on Qualitative Structure of Residential Complexes in Tehran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۴, Issue ۲ - Serial Number ۱۲, Spring ۲۰۱۴ 15 - 26

کلیدواژه‌ها: culture Qualitative Spaces residential complexes Identity

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۷
It is not long time that residential complexes have been built in Tehran. Although during this time, always influenced by some factors, configuration of the residential complexes has undergone fluctuations, rateof which has been very fast especially in recent decades considering the fundamental changes that have emerged in the housing debate. turning housing into an investment commodity. Residential complexes are generally evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively from two viewpoints. Qualitative issues that are often in connection with quality of living environment and its effects from social and especially cultural issues of residents have been given little attention in the past few decades and in contrast, quantitative issues have been more attractively motivated by profitability and economic benefits. The result of this imbalance is the housing status that we can see in all aspects. The present studies indicate that in recent decades, the rising rate of construction and lack of sufficient control over housing sector resulted in the formation of the residential complexes regardless of cultural context, approval of settlement inconsistent with the culture and traditional attitudes of the residents and as a result, low quality of life in residential complexes. This paper is an attempt to assess several condominiums in different years in terms of quality and the effect taken from cultural concepts in all stages, including studies, planning, design and operation using field study and questionnaires and then to find a correct relationship between various components and finally, some recommendations are provided to improve the current situation.
۴۶.

Studying the Effect of Schools Environment Architecture on Students Identity Formation in Iran High Schools(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۵, Issue ۳ - Serial Number ۱۷, Summer ۲۰۱۵ 43 - 52

کلیدواژه‌ها: Identity Identity Base traditional architecture Modern architecture

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۱
Ego identity defined as a fundamental element of a person and as self-continuum, mental and inward image that an individual has about him or herself. This subject investigated in contemporary world, amply. For actualizing and testing this concept, four bases including achievement, moratorium, foreclosure and diffusion introduced and based on this framework, and the effect of different factors on ego identity of individuals assessed and evaluated. In the study, the effect of school architecture on students’ ego identity formation in high school investigated. For this purpose that AISS1 questionnaire has been used, in which, in schools of Iran is used for evaluation of ego identity, moreover its reliability and validity for Iran’s schools has been verified. In addition, for evaluation the effect of architecture on identity formation, intervention factors decreased to their minimum level in order to one could evaluate just the effect of architectural environment. It is important to note that results of filling 600 questionnaires from seven schools in two types of architectures, i.e., traditional and modern, have been compared. According to mentioned states, in this article the effect of environmental architecture on identity formation of high school students in Yazd and Tehran provinces is determined. This subject has evaluated and compared in two types of architecture environments: modern and traditional. For completion of this work, effective architecture components on ego identity formation in traditional and modern schools will introduce.
۴۷.

Iraq’s Identity Crisis and Iran’s Foreign Policy Orientation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۰, Issue ۳۰ - Serial Number ۲, July ۲۰۱۹ 162 - 189

کلیدواژه‌ها: Crisis Identity Identity Crisis Constructivism Foreign Policy Orientation

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۰۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۴
The beginning of the political crisis in Syria, each regional and trans-regional actors have adopted different policies based on their interests and goals in relation to this country. Syria is an exceptional issue for countries in the region and the world's powers like the United States of America, and any transformation in that form might have a fundamental impact on the interests of each of these regional and global powers. Turkey as a regional power and the United States has always been present in the Syrian crisis as a regional power based on its interests. But the United' support of the present groups in Syria has sought to fight ISIS extremists, which Turkey has called for terrorist groups to reduce the US and Turkey relations. The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method and using documentation sources to provide a theoretical framework, the question of why Turkey is against United States about the Syrian Kurdish issue? This study investigates the presence of United States in Syria and the support of Kurdish groups, as well as the reaction that Turkey and Iran have been involved in. The findings of this article indicate that the United States support the Kurdish groups in northern Syria has led to conflict of interest between the two countries.
۴۸.

Investigating Investment for Teaching English in Iranian Upper Secondary Schools: A Critical Needs Analysis Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), Volume ۴۱, Issue ۲, Spring ۲۰۲۲ 113 - 161

کلیدواژه‌ها: investment model Identity Ideology Capital critical needs analysis Social Class

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۱
This study applied a critical needs analysis approach to investigate investment (language learning commitment) needs and challenges of EFL upper secondary school learners from different socioeconomic backgrounds and school settings (privileged, middle-privileged, and less-privileged schools). To this end, Darvin and Norton`s (2015) model of investment was used as our analytic framework. The study took advantage of a mixed-methods approach. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire with 53 items and one open-ended question was administered to 759 learners from different school settings in Mashhad. Also, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 24 learners for triangulation. The findings of the questionnaire and interviews revealed that speaking accurately, fluently, and professionally was the main priority for learners` investing in EFL learning. However, privileged, middle-privileged, and less-privileged upper secondary school learners perceived their needs differently regarding investment in English language learning. Although no statistically significant difference was observed between privileged, middle-privileged, and less-privileged school learners in terms of identity, they perceived their needs significantly different in terms of ideology and capital.The findings can bring high school learners` investment needs into focus and help the educational setting improve.
۴۹.

Writing Back to “Culture Talk”: Reinvention of Muslim Identity in The Road from Damascus(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Critical Literary Studies, Vol ۴, No ۲, Spring and Summer ۲۰۲۲ 131 - 143

کلیدواژه‌ها: Culture Talk The Road from Damascus secularism Writing Back Islam Identity

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۵
A couple of decades before 9/11, after the collapse of USSR, Islam started to be culturally represented as the major “Other” in the West. 9/11 attacks accelerated the movement with the “culture talk” project positioning Islam as the backward culture against which the West and secularism are portrayed as the epitome of progressive liberal civilization/culture. Muslims, however, wrote back to the project. Literature, especially fiction, was found an appropriate media through which Muslims’ voice could be expressed. Robin Yassin Kassab’s The Road from Damascus is a true writing back attempt in order to respond to the hegemonic “othering” of Islam in the West. The narrative actualizes the purpose upending the constructed bifurcation of “the West” versus “Islam”. Being approached from a new perspective, both terms/signs are deconstructed in the novel so that the center/periphery opposition is reversed. In this new structure each term/sign is given new significances challenging the mainstream “imagined identities” of Muslims in the West.
۵۰.

The Issue of Self and Other: The Identity Challenge of Victorian Women (Case Study: CMS Women’s Interaction with Women of Qajar Era)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: The International Journal of Humanities, Volume ۲۹, Issue ۳ (۲۰۲۲) 25-41
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۳
At the beginning of the Victorian Era (1837-1901), although British women’s activities were limited to housekeeping, their restriction in social activities and job choices, the increase in their population, were among the issues that led to the formation of new perspectives on women and their possibility of working outside the home. Meanwhile with the expansion of missionary activity in British colonies, Victorian women gained the opportunity to participate in missionary works beyond their homes. A significant number of them were attached with the Church Missionary Society (CMS) and came to Iran. They faced two challenges for proving their ability in creating a “new self and identity” versus “others”: 1) in Victorian society as a social identity equal to men, 2) in Qajar society for introducing “themselves” as a preacher of “new social identity” to Iranian women. Focusing on the conceptual framework related to the issue of “self, other and identity”, reviewing the surviving reports and documents, this article examines the causes and manner of the process that led to the formation of the “new identity” of these missionary women and their demarcation between “themselves” and the “other”, i.e. , patriarchal structure of the Victorian society and the CMS. It also reviews the feedback from their interactions with Iranian women as “other” in shaping their “new self and identity”. The achievements of this article show that the liberal and feminist actions of missionary women in creating a “new self and identity” in their homeland led to an open competition with missionary men in patriarchal structure of the CMS. Furthermore, following the interaction of the CMS women with different strata of Qajar women, their “missionary identity” faded and “their humanitarian self and identity” aspects replaced.
۵۲.

Reflecting the Hero's Confusion in Sartre's Existentialist Attitude: conditions of appearance and characteristics(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی زمستان ۱۴۰۱ شماره ۴۱ 423 - 437
تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۵
The current article discusses the issue that the hero in Sartre's existentialist attitude lives alone and confused in an absurd world where moral foundations are not very important. He is forced to choose and by choosing values, he creates his desired ethics and by this means he invites others to those self-created values. In this way, Sartre gives a new meaning to the word hero. Sartre's hero becomes even more limited by the "other" with his terrifying decisions, the only way to save him is conscious self-deception. Although he knows that he is free and has to choose, and he is also familiar with the responsibility and commitment. The current research was carried out with a fundamental purpose and its main issue is to investigate the characteristics of the hero in Sartre's existentialism philosophy and the conditions of its emergence. In this research, in search of the conditions for the emergence of the hero from Sartre's point of view, it shows that originality is the result of practical actions in the situations in which Sartre's hero is placed, so it is connected with consciousness and freedom is the relationship of consciousness with the world. The research method is qualitative and in order to reveal the research problem, the Paris-Texas film has been selected and analyzed as a case of study based on the purposeful selection. The result indicates that every action of today's hero is original and self-determining because it was formed in freedom. He is nothing but what he makes of himself; This construction happens in the public sphere, so authenticity is no longer an individual action, but a conflict in social relations.
۵۳.

Globalization, Identity and ISIS(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Islamic Political Thought, Vol ۱۰, Issue ۱, (Serial ۱۹), Spring ۲۰۲۳ 17 - 40
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۰
Today, one of the most serious threats have engulfed a large portion of the Middle East is the emergence of the Sunni Muslim extremist group, known as ISIS (Daesh). After capturing a sizeable territory in Iraq and Syria, the group changed its name to Islamic State (IS). This text is geared towards discussing or describing the identification of ISIS in the age of globalization. ISIS at a limited national and regional level (compared to global level of Al-Qaeda) tries to build its identity via radical Islamic ideology, in a globalized world and identity crisis era. The weakening and in some cases breakdown of the political infrastructures such as Iraq and Syria often leads to a narrowing of identity and social solidarity away from national and towards sectarian, ethnic, and kin-based(however fictive) relations. In such a situation the dynamics of identity construction shift away from "project" towards "resistance" identities . If we take to account fundamentalist as a response to the identity crisis and also a solution to save its believers against the unsatisfied conditions of modern age, ISIS extended its ideology well through the region via protest against the unsatisfied conditions of the region. Findings of the research show that beside the similarities between ISIS and other Islamic extremist groups such as emphasizing on salafi ideology, work for founding Islamic Emirate or Caliphate based on Sharia law, extremist interpretations of Islamic religion, Jihadist and Takfiri vision, and believing in suicide tactics and dying for victory, ISIS's main goal is Jihad against Shiites (Near Enemy) and this may be the main difference between them that causes different kinds of behaviors. Other differences are different ideological roots, emphasizing on Jihad or Takfir by Al-Qaeda and ISIS respectively, giving priority to far enemy by Al-Qaeda and to near enemy by ISIS.
۵۴.

The Motivational Self-System of Learners of Kurdish as a Heritage Language: A Mixed-Methods Study(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Critical Literary Studies, Vol ۶, No ۱, Autumn and Winter ۲۰۲۳-۲۰۲۴ 211 - 236

کلیدواژه‌ها: Heritage Language Ideal self Ought - to Self Motivational Intensity Identity Kurdish Language

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۸۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۸
The ongoing increase in the population of Kurdish as Heritage Language (HL) learners encouraged the present study to explore the learners’ motivations as well as the influential factors on its development. Second Language Motivational Self-System (L2MSS) was adopted as the theoretical framework wherein, the subscales of the Ideal-self, Ought-to self and Motivational Intensity were explored. The study drew on a mixed-methods design in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with four undergraduate participants and a total number of 213 undergraduate Iranian learners of Kurdish participated in a survey. The qualitative results indicated that the interviewees had a positive experience of learning Kurdish in the classroom and were more enthusiastic to get engaged in the process of learning in the future . Furthermore, the quantitative results indicated that the participants more often pursued Kurdish in terms of the Ideal self and that learning Kurdish revealed to be an opportunity to fulfill the learners’ wishes. It was also found that the male participants were propelled by stronger motivational force which was more probably due to stronger sense of identity among male participants.
۵۵.

The Iranian Islamic Revolution and Its Impact on the Authentic Identity-Seeking of the Alevi Community in Turkey(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Contemporary Research on the Islamic Revolution, Volume ۵, Issue ۱۶, Spring ۲۰۲۳ 71 - 89

کلیدواژه‌ها: Islamic revolution Iran Turkey Aleviism Diffusion Theory Identity

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۷ تعداد دانلود : ۹۸
The Alawite community, who according to the Supreme Leader are "orphans of the family of Muhammad", believe in following the school of Ahl-ul-Bayt (a.s) is still rooted in them. However, throughout the history of Alawism, due to the influence of some religious movements, policies and targeted political-cultural planning, they have suffered from a mixed and multifaceted identity and nature. Therefore, the trustees of this field have a kind of religious and customary duty to celebrate some religious holidays and ceremonies with a detailed and comprehensive planning and focusing on the common aspects with the Alevi community, that is, a special belief in the Imams (a.s.). And finally, believing in the principles, pillars, and values of the school of Ahl- ul-Bayt (a.s), take fundamental steps in the direction of reviving the true religious identity of the Alevi community. (Question) The current research has tried to analyze and evaluate the impact of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in restoring the true identity of the Turkish Alevi community based on the descriptive-analytical method and according to the "diffusion theory" from the words of ideological leaders. (Methodology) In general, Alevi leaders believe that today, with the blessing of the Iranian Islamic Revolution and the correct understanding of the Ahl- ul-Bayt (a.s) school, efforts are being made to introduce the correct principles and traditions to the Alevi society. In this regard, it is a great responsibility for Alevi leaders and sects to keep the Alevi community safe from threats by educating the Ahl-ul -Bayt (a.s.)
۵۶.

Britain’s Mechanism of Tolerance in the AASR’s Role Sharing: Case Study of UK-US Conflict of Interests in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۶, Issue ۴, Autumn ۲۰۲۲ 637 - 672

کلیدواژه‌ها: Alliance Identity Ontological Security Routines special relationship

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۵ تعداد دانلود : ۹۹
WWII and its consequences served to bring a new era of extensive cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States, leading to the birth of the Anglo-American special relationship (AASR). However, the two countries’ global widespread interests led to inevitable conflicts of interest, mostly favoring the US. Here, the question arises: Why did postwar Britain maintain its attachment to the AASR in times of conflicting interest with America? The paper, motivated by Gidden’s definition of ontological security, discusses that the consequences of WWII not only generated for the UK physical security concerns, but also ontological insecurity. In this respect, postwar Britain, accepting an inferior role, sought a special relationship with the US to consolidate this mutual partnership in order to mitigate its ontological insecurity in the postwar world order. The paper then, by investigating two cases of British-American conflicting interests in Iran, and raising a material-ideational debate, aims to identify the advantages of ontological security theory in explaining Britain’s “mechanism of tolerance” in preserving the AASR. Otherwise stated, through the proposed conceptual framework, the paper explores the way in which ontological security needs shape the postwar UK’s behaviors to prioritize its close relations with the US, regardless of the costs.
۵۷.

An Investigation of Learners’ Attitudes towards Pronunciation and Emerging Varieties of English in Outer and Expanding Circle Countries(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies,Vol ۱۵, No. ۱, ۲۰۲۳ 1 - 16

کلیدواژه‌ها: World Englishes EIL pronunciation intelligibility Identity awareness

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۰ تعداد دانلود : ۹۹
Considering the pluricentricity of English language and more orientation towards intelligibility in multilingual and multicultural contexts, this article presents an attempt to explore 480 Outer Circle (OC) and Expanding Circle (EC) learners’ attitudes towards pronunciation and varieties of English within the framework of global Englishes. Adopting a questionnaire accompanied by interviews with some participants, the analysis shows the degree to which acceptance of pronunciation and pluricentricity of English vary among learners. In particular, the EC participants’ exonormativity was found to be greater. The results also highlight the concept of “identity” and nativism myth which shows native-like preference anchors more in EC learners’ attitudes compared to OC participants. This article argues that English learners must be made aware of the realities of today’s English and global English ownership which can be really helpful to instigate a paradigm shift in language learning to make sure that it is reflective of how English functions globally and all varieties of English in different cultures are respected.
۵۸.

Who were the Rus During the Samanid Period? A Reexamination of 9th-10th Persian and Arabic Textual Accounts in Light of Recent Archaeological, Genealogical, and Genetic Studies

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات باستان شناسی پارسه سال ۷ تابستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۲۴ ۲۳۸-۲۲۱

کلیدواژه‌ها: Rus Viking Identity Samanid Swords Trade Kinship Ukraine R1a1a religion

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۸۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۶
This paper utilizes an approach that combines studies of Samanid period artifacts and textual accounts with modern genetic studies to explore the identity of the people who were involved in long distance trade from the far eastern regions of the Central Asia into Northern Europe. Although this study does not analyze the Samanid works, it reiterates and illustrates how important Iran/Persia was in the history of Europe as well as Central Asia. The information contained in the artifacts and texts gives us the evidence needed to understand the vast trade network and the people who were responsible for the movement of these goods, people and ideas. This study reconfirmed recent genetic studies that the people, collectively termed Rus or Vikings, were a mixture primarily of Scandinavians, Slavs, and Turks, with additional admixing with local populations. The importance of the Persian and Arabic sources addressing contact between the Rus and Eastern people has been thoroughly discussed by Thorir Jonsson Hraundal. In these texts, the Rus were referred to by different names including Majus, Northmanni, Urduman, Warank as well as by other names. One of his many observations is the unmistakable influence of Turkic culture on that of the Rus. This complex ancestry is supported by recent genetic studies and will be discussed in more detail below in light of archaeological evidence. Thus, the term Rus refers to a way of life rather than a homogenous ethnic or cultural group. However, this study refined the identity of the people responsible by observing a correlation between the distribution of the genetic haplogroup R1a sub-clade and the long-distance trade routes across Central Asia to Northern Europe, with the central focus in Eastern Europe. Despite the vast distance, the evidence indicates that there were cultural contacts between people with linked ancestry. The study is important because it begins to reveal the unexpected influence of Eastern cultures on those of Northern Europe.
۵۹.

Rethinking The Lockean Approach to The Problem of Personal Identity(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی زمستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۴۵ 231 - 249

کلیدواژه‌ها: Consciousness Person Self Identity Personal Identity

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تعداد بازدید : ۷۱ تعداد دانلود : ۶۲
The problem of personal identity among others may stem from the following question—what does be the person that you are, from one day to the next, necessarily consist of? The diachronic problem of personal identity raises question on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the identity of the person over time. The synchronic problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. To answer these questions, John Locke discarded the soul and the body as necessary and sufficient substances for personal identity over time. He accepted consciousness as the only criterion for personal identity; the only thing capable of remaining the same and preserving personal identity through change. Though Locke’s argument is somewhat clear and coherent but what remains vague and incoherent is embedded in the question—what exactly is consciousness? How and why should it be the basis or criterion for the determination of personal identity? Using the method of critical analysis, I argue that Locke’s choice of consciousness as the determinant of personal identity, though quite novel, is incoherent and vague. Secondly, Locke had already presumed and anticipated clearly though fallaciously the very thing he wishes to substantiate. I therefore conclude that Locke’s argument is just another way of trying to escape but inadvertently prolonging the difficulty of apparently articulating a distinction between the psychological approach and physiological approach to the problem of personal identity. However, in my submission, I propose the concept of the “other” as alternative approach— a sort of an extrinsic-intrinsic approach to the problem of personal identity.
۶۰.

Beyond the Bodily View and Psychological View of Human Beings: Human Beings are Rational Animals(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های فلسفی زمستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۴۵ 317 - 329

کلیدواژه‌ها: Animalism psychological view hylomorphism Persistence Identity

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۳ تعداد دانلود : ۴۹
We are... So, to reframe the inquiry: who are we on a metaphysical level? Which aspects of ourselves are the most universally representative of who we are? How do we fare in the face of the passage of time? For decades, philosophers have debated the concept of diachronic personal identity, which focuses on the question of what keeps us alive. An intricate debate has developed between those who hold the body view (animalism) and those who hold the psychological view (memory) on the question of who we are. The two groups will eventually become so firmly set in their views that they will be unable to compromise. Hylomorphic animalism, or the view that humans are rational animals, living bodies made of prime matter and a rational soul, is an alternative answer to this divisive question that I propose in this study, following in the footsteps of Aristotle and Aquinas. We only survive if matter and rational souls do.